Religious feeling, morality and ethical feelings: the case study on Indonesia
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.37
-
Article InfoVolume 16 2018, Issue #4, pp. 444-452
- 992 Views
-
136 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
There is no guarantee that people will follow their professional code of ethics. Large number of violation occurred in almost every organization. In this study we argued that commitment toward code of ethics, which is related to ethical feelings, is imperative to predict whether a person will obey their professional code. This study predicted that commitment to the code of ethics is determined by individual morality (i.e. moral judgment and moral maturity), and religious feeling. The survey was conducted through online questionnaire to Indonesian employees from various sectors and undergraduate students. The analysis revealed that moral judgment cannot predict commitment toward code of ethics. The result showed that religious feeling and moral maturity have positive association with commitment to code of ethics. In addition, these two concepts also produced favorable effect on moral judgment. Discussion, implication, and limitation are provided in the final part of article.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)D23, M14
-
References43
-
Tables3
-
Figures1
-
- Figure 1. Diagram of test results for the hypothesis of direct effect
-
- Table 1. Descriptive statistics and correlations
- Table 2. Regression results
- Table 3. Factor loading and Cronbach’s Alpha
-
- Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 63(1), 1-18.
- Bloodgood, J. M., Turnley, W. H., & Mudrack, P. (2008). Influence of ethics instruction, religiosity, and intelligence on cheating behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(3), 557-571.
- Camilleri, E., & Van Der Heijden, B. I. J. M. (2007). Organizational commitment, public service motivation, and performance within the public sector. Public Performance & Management Review, 31(2), 241-274.
- Chao, M. C., Li, F., & Chen, H. (2016). Perceived ethicality of moral choice: The impact of ethics codes, moral development, and relativism. Nankai Business Review International, 7(2), 258-279.
- Chokprajakchat, S., & Sumretphol, N. (2017). Implementation of the code of professional ethics for Thai civil servants. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 38(2), 129-135.
- Ferguson, N., & Cairns, E. (1996). Polutical violance and moral maturity in Northern Ireland. Political Psychology, 17(4), 713-725.
- Fields, R. M. (1973). A society on the run: a psychology of Northern Ireland. Harmondsworth, Eng; Baltimore: Penguin Books.
- Finkeilstein, S., Hambrick, D. C., & Cannella, A. A. (2009). Strategic leadership; theory and research on executive, top management teams, and boards. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Gibbs, J. C., Clark, P. M., Joseph, J. A, Green, J. L., Goodrick, T. S., & Makowski, D. G. (1986). Relations between moral judgment, moral courage, and field independence. Child Development, 57(1), 185-193.
- Gold, N., Pulford, B. D., & Colman, A. M. (2015). Do as I Say, Don ’ t Do as I Do : Differences in moral judgments do not translate into differences in decisions in real-life trolley problems. Journal of Economic Psychology, 47, 50- 61.
- Hall, M., Smith, D., & Langfield‐ Smith, K. (2005). Accountants’ commitment to their profession: multiple dimensions of professional commitment and opportunities for future research. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 17(1), 89-109.
- Hamzah, S. R., Suandi, T., Hamzah, A., & Tamam, E. (2014). The influence of religiosity, parental and peer attachment on hedonistic behavior among Malaysian youth. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 122, 393-397.
- Jadack, R. A., Hyde, J. S., Moore, C. F., & Keller, M. L. (1995). Moral reasoning about sexually transmitted diseases. Child Development, 66(1), 167-177.
- Jin, K. G., & Drozdenko, R. (2003). Managers’ ethical attitudes in the direct organizational values marketing industry. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 22(4), 43-66.
- Kaur, J. (2017). Exploring relationships among ethical climate types and organizational commitment: a case of Indian banking sector. Journal of Indian Business Research, 9(1), 20-40.
- Kohlberg, L. (1981). The Philosophy of Moral Development: Moral Stages and the Idea of Justice (Essays on Moral Development, Volume 1). New York: Harper & Row.
- Kracher, B., Chatterjee, A., & Lundquist, A. R. (2002). Factors related to the cognitive moral development of business students and business professionals in India and the United States: Nationality, education, sex and gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 35(4), 255-268.
- Laczniak, G. R., & Murphy, P. E. (2006). Normative perspectives for ethical and socially responsible marketing. Journal of Macromarketing, 26(2), 154-177.
- Lawson, E., & Price, C. (2003). The psychology of change management. The McKinsey Quarterly (special ed.).
- Lǎzǎrescu, M. P. (2012). A study on moral development during childhood. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 33, 816-820.
- Marta, J., Heiss, C. M., & De Lurgio, S. A. (2008). An exploratory comparison of ethical perceptions of Mexican and U.S. marketers. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(3), 539-555.
- Martinez, L. F., & Jaeger, D. S. (2016). Ethical decision making in counterfeit purchase situations : the influence of moral awareness and moral emotions on moral judgment and purchase intentions. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 33(3), 213-223.
- Martynov, A. (2009). Agent or stewards? Linking managerial behavior and moral development. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(2), 239-249.
- Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
- Meyerson, S. L., & Kline, T. J. B. (2008). Psychological and environmental empowerment: antecedents and consequences. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29(5), 444-460.
- Mohamed, F., Taylor, G. S., & Hassan, A. (2006). affective commitment and intent to quit : the impact of work and non-work related issues. Journal of Managerial Issues, 18(4), 512-529.
- Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteism, and turnover. New York: Academic Press.
- Mujtaba, B. G., & Sims, R. L. (2006). Socializing retail employees in ethical values: the effectiveness of the formal versus informal methods. Journal of Business and Psychology, 21(2), 261-272.
- Mujtaba, B. G., Tajaddini, R., & Chen, L. Y. (2011). Business ethics perceptions of public and private sector iranians. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(3), 433-447.
- Mukhtar, A., & Mohsin Butt, M. (2012). Intention to choose Halal products: the role of religiosity. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(2), 108-120.
- Özer, G., Özbek, V., Elçi, M., & Aydın, K. (2014). Concurrent validity of different religiosity scales used in researches of marketing ethics and a proposal for a new religiosity scale. Anadolu Üniversitsei Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(4), 15-28.
- Philibert, P. J. (1982). Moral maturity and education beyond conventional morality. Review of Religious Research, 23(3), 286-296.
- Piazza, J., & Sousa, P. (2014). Religiosity, Political Orientation, and Consequentialist Moral Thinking. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 5(3), 334-342.
- Redman, T., & Snape, E. (2005). Unpacking commitment: Multiple loyalties and employee behavior. Journal of Management Studies, 42(2), 301-328.
- Sharma, P., Kong, T. T. C., & Kingshott, R. P. J. (2016). Internal service quality as a driver of employee satisfaction, commitment and performance: exploring the focal role of employee well-being. Journal of Service Management, 27(5), 773-797.
- Shawver, T. J., & Sennetti, J. T. (2009). Measuring ethical sensitivity and evaluation. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(4), 663-678.
- Simmons, H. C. (1982). Response: “Moral Maturity” and social justice goals. Review of Religious Research, 23(3), 305-310.
- Somers, M. J. (2001). Ethical codes of conduct and organizational context: a study of the relationship between codes of conduct, employee behavior and organizational values. Journal of Business Ethics, 30(2), 185-195.
- Vandenberghe, C., & Tremblay, M. (2008). The role of pay satisfaction and organizational commitment in turnover intention: A two-sample study. Journal of Business & Psychology, 22(3), 275-286.
- Wotruba, T. R. (1990). A comprehensive framework for the analysis of ethical behavior, with a focus on sales organizations. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 10(2), 29-42.
- Wright, M. (1995). Can moral judgement and ethical behavior be learned? A review of the literature Management Decision, 33(10), 17-28.
- Yahya, K. K., Yean, T. F., Johari, J., & Saad, N. A. (2015). The perception of gen Y on organizational culture, religiosity and corruption in malaysian public organizations. Procedia Economics & Finance, 31, 251-261.
- Zimmer, Z., Jagger, C., Chiu, C. T., Ofstedal, B. M., Rojo, F., & Saito, Y. (2016). Spirituality, religiosity, aging and health in global perspective: a review. SSM – Population Health, 2, 373- 381.