The role of resistance to change in determining organizational citizenship behavior: Evidence from MSMEs in Indonesia

“Employee turnover” as an expression is broadly used in business organization. Despite the fact that several studies have been performed on this topic, little research has been conducted on examining the causes and leading factors of turnover as well, as advising some feasible approaches, which can be applied by bosses to ensure that employees will continue in their respective organizations to enhance organizational effectiveness and productivity. The main purpose of this study is to determine the reasons and key factors in the perspectives of the relevant literature and identify to the intention of employee turnover. This conceptual paper also suggests various possible strategies on how to minimize the turnover and retain employees in the organizations. Hence, the paper has proposed a conceptual framework that shows the major variables in explaining the phenomenon of employee turnover and addressing sound retention strategies to handle these issues.

Currently, leadership becomes the concern of studies in public organizations. However, studies on servant leadership and its impact on hospital performance are still limited. This study aims to identify the relationship and impact of servant leadership on organizational performance (hospital). A quantitative approach was used on a sample of 729 healthcare workers at the Undata Regional General Hospital in Palu. The sampling was based on the Slovin formula with an error rate of 5%, thus it involved 258 respondents. Further, the sample was selected using a random proportional sampling technique to represent each field in the hospital. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analysis with hypothesis testing. The results of descriptive analysis on the servant leadership variable showed that the highest mean value is the item stating that leadership in the hospital has a thorough understanding of the organization and its goals. Meanwhile, the lowest is the item stating that leaders sacrifice their interests less to meet the needs of healthcare workers. In the organizational performance variable, the highest mean value is the item that states that healthcare workers can work effectively every working day, while the lowest is the item of patients complaining about healthcare procedures. Furthermore, the results of regression analysis through hypothesis testing showed that servant leadership has a significant effect on organizational performance of hospitals with a strong level of relationships.

Lebanon is facing an unprecedented political and economic crisis. Consequently, the country now urgently needs more than ever committed public managers, more involved and more effective in their work responsibilities to enhance public sector performance and reduce the consequences of the crisis. Little research has been done on the role of leadership in promoting organizational commitment in the public sector in Lebanon. Thus, referring to the leadership full range theory, this study aims to investigate the association between leadership styles and organizational commitment with the mediating role of Leader-member exchange (LMX). It further aims to examine the relationships between gender, leadership style, LMX and organizational commitment in the Lebanese public context.
Data were collected via an online survey on a sample composed of 132 middle managers working in six public administrations in Lebanon. Linear and multiple regression analyses were carried out to test the direct and indirect effect of leadership styles on organizational commitment. The results indicated that both two styles of Bass are positively correlated with organizational commitment. The results also revealed a significant relationship between public servant gender and the quality of his relationship with the leader. Moreover, results showed that LMX doesn’t mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment, although it partially mediates the relationship between transactional leadership and organizational commitment. This study contributes to understanding of the mechanisms of developing organizational commitment through leadership styles. It also has implications for public service recruitment and training policies.