Olena Brintseva

The proliferation of unproductive forms of human capital, deepening of the processes of its digitization, which is currently taking place in the sphere of education, health care and social and labor sphere, is a rather threatening trend for the national economy. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to study the influence of the main factors of the process of the formation of labor potential, the development, use and preservation of human capital in the field of education, health care and social and labor sphere, as well as substantiation of the ways of reducing the negative influence of the factors of digitization. The existing asymmetries in socio-economic development are described, the deepening of which contributes to the spread of unproductive forms of human capital are described by the author. In the educational sphere, it is primarily the reduction of the quality of educational services and corruption; low wages; low level of academic integrity, etc. In the health sector, the processes of filing are primarily due to the poor state of the material base of the national state health care institutions; low wages in state health care institutions; low availability of quality medical services for the general population; insufficient distribution of a culture of health support throughout life, etc. In the social and labor sphere of human capitalization, the following factors contribute to the following: low wages in the whole economy; low social stability, low social guarantees; orientation of entrepreneurs for «fast results», short-term planning; discrimination of certain categories of people in the labor market; low level of social responsibility of the state, etc.

The rapid spread of information technologies and other phenomena in the new economy causes significant changes in the social and employment spheres. The objective is mainly to analyze and systematize the peculiarities of labor and payment for it in the new economy. In this paper, the analytical grouping method for characterizing salary functions, as well as changes in the social and labor sphere that take place in the new economy, correlation-regression analysis to determine the relationship between average income and factors affecting its level are used. The results of the paper show three important findings. Firstly, the gradual changes in the content of labor and forms of its organization that happen in modern conditions under the influence of dissemination of information and communication technologies require new approaches to income adjustment, management of employment of the population, development of professional education system. Secondly, the authors also found that the fair employee compensation, ensuring productive employment in modern conditions, is a challenge not only of the national, but also of international scale. Thirdly, the prospective directions of reducing inequality and social tension in society are the guarantee of the basic unconditional income, progressive tax on all types of income, reduction of the length of working time while maintaining payments and improving productivity. In addition to avoiding social dangers, it would be a proactive progressive function of expanding human development opportunities.

Polish experience in the formation and use of human capital in education, the factors of its fictivization in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated, priority problems were identified (low level of access to quality educational services for the majority of the population; corruption, which creates conditions for obtaining a level of education and qualifications that are not confirmed by real knowledge; there is no culture of lifelong learning; the need to adapt the education system to the conditions of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, etc.) and the directions of implementation of the Polish experience into the activities of educational institutions in Ukraine. The positions of Ukrainian and Polish universities in international educational rankings as well as the factors that determine them were analyzed. It is determined that in order to limit the processes of fictivization of the human capital, it is necessary, first of all, to: improve the quality of educational services and the competitiveness of universities, increase access to education for various social groups, fight corruption and adapt the education system to distance learning. The development of international cooperation and the expansion of the presence of universities in international rankings is also important; improving the competitiveness of graduates in the domestic and international labour markets; attracting international investment to improve resource provision.