Women’s professional activity as an element of human capital management in the aspect of non-formal employment
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.31
-
Article InfoVolume 16 2018, Issue #4, pp. 375-383
- 964 Views
-
114 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The aim of the article is an attempt to assess the impact of women’s occupational activity on the tendency to take up informal employment as an element of human capital management. The paper attempts to assess the relationship between the unemployment rate and the employment rate and the share of informal work in GDP. Methodology: The implementation of the objective required the use of statistical methods, in particular, linear regression methods. Results: The publication describes the nature of informal employment, the level of professional activity of women in the selected European Union countries in 2017. Based on statistical data, an attempt was made to assess the impact of professional activity among women on non-formal work based on the linear regression method.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)E260, K420, J010, J160, J240
-
References24
-
Tables2
-
Figures6
-
- Figure 1. Informal economy and the level of undeclared work according to Schneider in the selected EU countries in 2017 (in %)
- Figure 2. Regression model for shadow economy in terms of employment rate for women in the selected European Union countries
- Figure 3. Regression model for shadow economy in terms of unemployment rate for women in the selected European Union countries
- Figure 4. Regression model for illegal work in terms of employment rate for women in the selected European Union countries
- Figure 5. Regression model for illegal work in terms of unemployment rate for women in the selected European Union countries
- Figure 6. Employment rate gender gap in the European Union countries for the years 2010 and 2017
-
- Table 1. Employment rate gender gap in the European Union countries for the years 2010 and 2017
- Table 2. Wilcoxon matched pairs test for the years 2010 and 2017
-
- Boswell, Ch., & Straubhaar, T. (2004). The illegal employment of foreign workers: An overview, Intereconomics. Heidelberg, 39(1), 4-7.
- Cassel, D., & Caspers, A. (1984). Was ist Schattenwirtschaft? Begriff und Erscheinungsformen der Sekond Economy. Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium, 1, 1-7.
- Davenport, Th. O. (1999). Human Capital What It Is and Why People Invest It (186 p.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
- Ehrenberg, R. G., & Smith, R. S. (1997). Modern Labor Economics. New York: HarperCollins.
- European Commission (1998). Communication of the Commission on Undeclared Work (COM (98)- 219). Brussels.
- Eurostat (2018). Unemployment rate by sex.
- Fierman, J. (1994, January 24). The Contingency Work Force. Fortune, 30-36.
- Griffin, R. W. (2013). Fundamentals of management (216 p.). Texas University.
- Hussmanns, R. (2004). Measuring the informal economy: from employment in the informal sector to informal employment (Working Paper No. 53) (15 p.). International Labour Office, December.
- Jędrzejowska-Schiffauer, I., & Schiffauer, P. (2017). New constraints on mobility in Europe: Policy response to European crises or constitutional ambiguity? Journal of International Studies, 10(3), 9-23.
- Jütting, J., & Laiglesia, J. R. De (2009). Is Informal Normal? Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries. OECD Development Centre, Paris.
- Kucera, D., & Xenogiani, T. (2009). Woman in Informal Employment: What Do We Know and What Can We Do? In J. Jütting & J. R. De Laiglesia (Eds.), Is Informal Normal? Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries (pp. 89-115). OECD Development Centre, Paris.
- Lado, A., & Wilson, M. (1994). Human Resource Systems and Sustained Competitive Advantage: A competency – Based Perspective. Academy of Management Review, 19(4), 699-727.
- Medina, L., & Schneider, F. (2018). Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? (WP/18/17). International Monetary Fund, January.
- Mikalauskiene, A., Streimikiene, D., & Mazutaityte-Cepanoniene, E. (2017). Employers’ Openness to Labour Immigrants. Economics and Sociology, 10(3), 25-45.
- Mróz, B. (2002). Gospodarka nieoficjalna w systemie ekonomicznym (14 p.). Warszawa: Szkoła Główna Handlowa.
- Penrose, E. T. (1997). The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. In N. J. Foss (Ed.), Resources, Firm and Strategies. A Reader in the Resource-Based Perspective (pp. 30-35). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- POUR LA SOLIDARITÉ (2014). The Illegal Work of Migrants In The European Union (Report of the European Community Programme for Employment and Social Solidarity PROGRESS).
- Schneider, F. (2007). Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: New Estimates for 145 Countries. Jahannes Kepler University of Linz, Austria.
- Simionescu, M., Ciuiu, D., Bilan, Y., & Strielkowski, W. (2016). GDP and net migration in some eastern and south-eastern countries of Europe. A panel data and Bayesian approach. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 12(2), 161-175.
- Terpstra, D., & Rozell, E. (1993). The Relationship of Staffing Practices to Organizational Level Measures of Performance. Personnel Psychology, 27-38.
- Torgler, B., & Schneider, F. (2007). Shadow Economy, Tax Morale, Governance and Institutional Quality: A panel Analysis (IZA Discussion Paper Series, 9-10).
- Tudose, M. B., & Clipa, R. I. (2016). An analysis of the shadow economy in the EU countries. CES Working Papers, VIII(2), 303-312.
- Wright, P., & McMahan, G. (1992). Strategic Human Resources Management: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Management, 280-319.