Intrinsic motivation of millennials and generation Z in the new post-pandemic reality
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(2).2022.44
-
Article InfoVolume 20 2022, Issue #2, pp. 536-550
- Cited by
- 1239 Views
-
1129 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The effective performance of any company is determined by the degree of motivation of its staff. In a pandemic, it is important to explore changes in the values and motivational profiles of staff, especially young people. The aim of the paper is to study the internal motives of millennials and Generation Z, to identify modern motivational tools, taking into account the challenges of an unstable global ecosystem. To assess the changes in the motives for work, a questionnaire was used. The survey was conducted (at the end of 2020 and the beginning of 2021) among young people in Kyiv (Ukraine) aged 17-22 (287 people participated), who had previous work experience. All results were proven to be valid. The results of the study showed that changes in the motivational profile of millennials and Generation Z under the influence of restrictive measures due to the pandemic occurred in the range of values of awareness of individuality: motives for maintaining health, balancing life, personal and professional growth came out to be more relevant. Such changes indicate positive opportunities for young people due to high adaptability to changing and unstable conditions, and, on the other hand, they bring challenges for companies – the loss of personnel. The most optimal models will be career-oriented and adaptive with elements of well-being management to motivate millennials and Generation Z.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)M12, M54, E24
-
References45
-
Tables2
-
Figures5
-
- Figure 1. Ability to manage time
- Figure 2. Attitude toward global problems of humanity
- Figure 3. Confidence in the prospects of the personal career
- Figure 4. The motivational profile of Generation Z and Millennials
- Figure 5. Implementation of an algorithm for a career-oriented strategy for motivating young employees
-
- Table 1. Profile of the respondents
- Table 2. Adaptive motivational model with elements of well-being management
-
- Adams, J. S. (1963). Towards an understanding of inequity. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(5), 422-436.
- Alosi, A., & Corazza, L. (2022). «South working»: the future of remote work 2022.
- Baier, J., Caye, J.-M., Strack, R., Kolo, P., Kumar, A., Ruan, F., Morton, B., Ariganello, A., Jauregui, J., van Wees, L., Burner, T., & Wong, W. (2021). Creating People Advantage 2021. The Future of People Management Priorities. Boston Consulting Group.
- Berezova, N. (2019). 12 faktorov motivatsionnoho profilia lichnosti. [12 factors of a person’s motivational profile]. (In Russian).
- Blokhina, I. (2011). Do problemy moralnoho stanovlennia osobystosti maibutnoho fakhivtsia z upravlinnia navchalnymy zakladamy [To the problem of moral development of the future specialist in the management of educational institutions]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho tekhnichnoho universytetu Ukrainy “Kyivskyi politekhnichnyi instytut”. Filosofiia. Psykholohiia. Pedahohika – Bulletin of the National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy, 3, 89-92. (In Ukrainian).
- Cefalo, R., Scandurra, R., & Kazepov, Y. (2020). Youth Labor Market Integration in European Regions. Sustainability, 12, 3813.
- Cho, M., Bonn, M., & Han, S. (2018). Generation Z’s Sustainable Volunteering: Motivations, Attitudes and Job Performance. Sustainability, 10, 1400.
- Črešnar, R., & Jevšenak, S. (2019). The Millennials’ Effect: How Can Their Personal Values Shape the Future Business Environment of Industry 4.0? Naše Gospodarstvo. Our Economy, 65(1), 57-65.
- Danilevich, N., Poplavska, О., & Puzirevska, Yu. (2019). Motivation of young professionals: features, recommendations. Economic scope: The collection of scientific works, 142, 53-65.
- Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18(1), 105.
- Deloitte (2020). Milenialy i pokolinnia Z rozhliadaiut period COVID-19 yak mozhlyvist perelashtuvatysia i diiaty – doslidzhennia kompanii “Deloitte”. [Millennials and Generation Z see COVID-19 as an opportunity to adjust and act – Deloitte study]. (In Ukrainian).
- Gaidai, D., Zarembo, K., Litra, L., Lymar, O., Misenashvili, S., Solodkiy, S., Todoriuk, O., Beleskov, N., Volosevich, I., & Konoplitskaya, T. (2017). Ukrainian generation Z: values and guidelines / Foundation. Friedrich Ebert, New Europe Center. (In Russian).
- Greben, N. (2007). Psikhologicheskie testу dlia professionalov. [Psychological tests for professionals] (496 p.). Minsk: Modern school. (In Russian).
- Gurova, I., & Evdokimova, S. (2016). Teoriya pokoleniy kak instrument analiza, formirovaniya i razvitiya trudovogo potentsiala [Theory of generations as tool for analysis, formation and development of labor potential]. MIR (Modernizaciâ. Innovacii. Razvitie)- MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research), 7(3(27)), 150-159. (In Russian).
- Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279.
- Hoover, E. (2009). The Millennial Muddle: How stereotyping students became a thriving industry and a bundle of contradictions. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
- Kluve, J., Puerto, S., Robalino, D., Romero, J. M., Rother, F., Stöterau, J., Weidenkaff, F., & Witte, M. (2016). Do Youth Employment Programs Improve Labor Market Outcomes? A Systematic Review (Discussion Paper No. 10263).
- Kolot, A., Kozmenko, S., & Herasymenko, O. (2020). Development of a Decent Work Institute as a Social Quality Imperative: Lessons for Ukraine. Economics and Sociology, 13(2), 70-85.
- Kolot, А., & Herasymenko, O. (2020). Generation Z and socio-labour platform “WORK 4.0”: interaction imperatives. Demography and Social economy, 2(40), 103-138.
- Kozyk, M. (2020). Methods of non-material motivation to stimulate and inspire staff. The 18th International scientific conference information technologies and management 2020 April 23-24, ISMA. Riga, Latvia 161 BEE39.
- Kulagіna, E. (2022). Motіvatsionnуy profіl lіchnostі po metodіke Rіchі і Martіna: kak provestі dіahnostіku [Motivational personality profile according to the method of Ritchie and Martin: how to diagnose]. (In Russian).
- Kwon, J. E. (2022). The Impact of Career Plateau on Job Burnout in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderating Role of Regulatory Focus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1087.
- Lee, M. T., & Raschke, R. L. (2016). Understanding employee motivation and organizational performance: Arguments for a set-theoretic approach. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 1(3), 162-169.
- Libanova, Е. (2022). A portrait of a completely different Ukrainian. Interview NV with Professor Libanova about fundamental changes in society.
- Lieberoth, A., Lin, Sh.-Y., Stöckli, S., Han, H., Kowal, M., Gelpi, R., Chrona, S., Tran, T. P., Jeftić, A., Rasmussen, J., Cakal, H., Milfont, T. L., Lieberoth, F., Yamada, Y., Amin, R., Debove, S., Flis, I., Sahin, H., Turk, F., … Zerhouni, O. (2021). Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey. Royal Society Open Science, 8(2).
- Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting & task performance. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
- Lukeš, M., Feldmann, M., & Vegetti, F. (2019). Work Values and the Value of Work: Different Implications for Young Adults’ Self-Employment in Europe. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.
- Manzano-Sánchez, D., Gómez-Marmol, A., Jiménez-Parra, J.-F., Gil Bohórquez, I., & Valero-Valenzuela, A. (2021). Motivational profiles and their relationship with responsibility, school social climate and resilience in high school students. PLOS ONE, 16(8).
- Marczak, E. L., & Yawson, R. M. (2021). Understanding the Theories and Interventions of Motivation in Organization Development. In Responsible Management: Opportunities and Challenges. Proceedings of 58th Annual Conference of the Eastern Academy of Management. SAGE Advance.
- Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
- McKinsey & Company. (2018). True Gen: Generation Z and its implications for companies.
- Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (2021). Dualne navchannia dlia studentiv ta posibnyk pro atomnu enerhetyku dlia shkoliariv: MON ta «Enerhoatom» pidpyshut dokument pro spivpratsiu [Dual education for students and a manual on nuclear energy for schoolchildren: MES and Energoatom will sign a document on cooperation]. (In Ukrainian).
- Neufeind, M., O’Reilly, J., & Ranft, F. (2018). Work in The Digital Age: Challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
- Nico, M. (2019). What do I care for? Social Values of Young People Compared.
- Ordun, G. (2015). Millennial (Gen Y) Consumer Behavior, Their Shopping Preferences and Perceptual Maps Associated with Brand Loyalty.
- Poplavska, O., & Danylevych, N. (2020). Social responsibility and social partnership in the 4th industrial revolution context: case of Ukraine. REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos (ISSN: 1885-8031), 135.
- Pulignano, V., & Piasna, A. (2021). The ‘freedom’ to work for nothing.
- Reflowproject. (2020). COVID-19 ecosystems and the circular economy.
- Renner, R. (2020). Millennials and Gen Z are spreading coronavirus – but not because of parties and bars.
- Schwartz, S.Н. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25 (pp. 1-65).
- Semivolos, I., & Mikheeva, O. (2019). Kultura (subkultury) bidnosti v Ukraini [Culture (subculture) of poverty in Ukraine]. Kyiv: Center for Middle East Studies (AMES), UCU Analytical Center, with the support of the Renaissance Foundation. (In Ukrainian).
- Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Simon and Schuster.
- Tan, Sh. (2012). Generation X & Y and Their Work Motivation. Proceedings International Conference of Technology Management, Business and Entrepreneurship 2012 (ICTMBE2012) (pp. 396-407).
- Tsymbaliuk, S., Vasylyk, A., & Stoliaruk, K. (2021). Green human resource management: how to implement environmental issues into HR practices. ISCMEE 2021. E3S Web of Conferences 255, 01037.
- Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work motivation. New York: Wiley.