Female managers and their characteristics in the Trenčin region, Slovakia

Georgia still faces urgent problems of women employment, level of raising women’s qualification and restricted career opportunities. It impacts economic indicators as well.
Proceeding from the topicality of the problem, the goal of the research is to study the attitude towards the role of women in present-day organizations, applying complex methods of information gathering and analysis, quantitative methods of research.
The conducted research and analysis of outcomes led to the conclusion that, despite progressive changes in the state and society attitude towards gender equality, still there are many controversial issues. It is a typical situation for many countries. Although women represent half of the able-bodied population worldwide, their portion in GDP is only 37%. It indicates that full utilization of women’s potential is not or cannot be accomplished. It is significant to identify the hindering reasons.
The research results show that the hindering factors of women’s self-realization and career advancement in Georgia are: 61% – family, 27% – education/less qualification, 25% – stereotypes, 34% – inflexible work schedule and inconvenient conditions.
The authors think that, in order for the state to make maximum utilization of women’s resources as a valuable economic and political asset, it is necessary that government work out efficient ways to create convenient conditions for women. At the same time, all companies must have labor management strategy that can bring success if all aspects of women’s work in each component will be actively applied.

One way to support sustainable development is to put concern on women empowerment. The role of women in a society is essential, yet often treated unfairly. This study focuses on looking at the aspects that can determine the success of entrepreneurship as a form of women entrepreneurship. Additionally, the effect of women entrepreneurship on social and economic well-being is also investigated. The study took a quantitative approach and employed a survey method on a total of 406 members of Setia Bhakti Wanita cooperative in Indonesia. STATA 14 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results of this study indicate that access to micro-loans has the highest impact on women entrepreneurship (path coefficient 0.43), followed by social environment support (path coefficient 0.32), and entrepreneurial education (path coefficient 0.13). Furthermore, women entrepreneurs have a more favorable impact on economic well-being (path coefficient 0.93), as evidenced by better access to health service, than social well-being (path coefficient 0.89) that is shown from better social relationship with the nearest community. This study offers solid evidence-based recommendations for women’s empowerment in Indonesia using proper entrepreneur organization channels.

Acknowledgment
The authors thank to Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Indonesia and the Setia Bhakti Women Cooperative East Java Indonesia.

Board diversity is crucial for corporate governance and improves corporate outcomes by aligning management with stakeholders’ interests. Compared to advanced environments, Jordan’s decent sociocultural backdrop exhibits a higher level of gender bias. This study investigates the influence of board gender diversity (BGD) on Jordanian banking sector performance, an under-explored area. This quantitative paper employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), random, and fixed-effect approaches to analyze 182 bank-year observations for balanced longitudinal data analysis. These approaches correctly establish the BGD-Tobin’s Q nexus during 2010–2022. The coefficient of determination was 70.57%. The model confirms a positive correlation between BGD and market-based performance indicators. Findings support agency and resource dependency hypotheses, showing BGD’s role in decision-making. Hence, a one-unit increase in BGD causes a 37.2-cent increase in Tobin’s Q measure. Moreover, a one-unit change in board independence, board meetings, size, women’s representation in top management, and capital adequacy ratio, assuming all other factors remain constant, results in Tobin-Q changes of 2.57 cents, 32.8 cents, 5.78 cents, 51.2 cents, 30.55 cents, and 22.86 cents, respectively, and the same direction. The results show how BGD enhances bank performance and contributes to relevant theories. The results are vigorous in a variety of identification and estimation methodologies.