Issue #1 (Volume 16 2025)

This study examines the influence of green intellectual capital, green accounting, and green innovation on firm value and return on assets. Green intellectual capital refers to the knowledge and expertise of environmental sustainability, green accounting involves incorporating environmental costs into financial reporting, and green innovation focuses on developing environmentally friendly technologies and processes. Indicators for evaluating these factors include the Green Intellectual Capital Index, Global Reporting Index disclosures for green accounting, and green process and product innovation dimensions for green innovation. The study employs Warp PLS to analyze data from 88 companies listed on the Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRI-KEHATI) index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The findings indicate that green accounting significantly enhances firm value, while green innovation does not show a direct impact. However, all three factors positively influence return on asset (ROA). The moderating role of ROA was found to strengthen the relationship between green intellectual capital and green accounting with firm value, but it did not moderate the effect of green innovation. ROA was used as an indirect financial indicator to formulate the company’s profitability and strategic sustainability planning. These results highlight the importance of embedding sustainability into business strategies to enhance financial and environmental performance.

This study aims to examine the relationship between CO2 emissions, forest area, and GDP in each South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) country. This study uses a panel dataset that spans South Asian countries from 1990 to 2020 for econometric analysis. The Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) method adds annual forested area to the regression model. The study results show that India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka must prioritize decoupling CO2 emissions from economic growth, as their strong correlation shows significant environmental costs of development. Although Bangladesh, Bhutan, and the Maldives are in a slightly better position, they need strategies to manage emissions as they progress economically. The study once again revealed a relationship between a 1% increase in GDP and a 0.68% rise in CO2 emissions, whereas a 1% increase in forest area led to a slightly higher 0.79% rise in CO2 over the period. The hypotheses testing results confirm a positive correlation between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in SAARC countries, indicating that emissions rise as economies expand. Additionally, a negative relationship was found between forest area and carbon dioxide emissions, where larger forest coverage is linked to lower emissions. The conclusion is that an increase in forest area is associated with a relatively small increase in CO2 emissions, indicating that the relationship between forest area and CO2 emissions is less pronounced compared to GDP.

The purpose of this study is to explore the willingness to reduce plastic waste analyzing the effect of environmental orientation and environmental knowledge. The analysis was conducted at three universities, with respondents being 430 students who are categorized as Gen Z. The universities involved are State University of Surabaya, State Polytechnic of Malang, Indonesia, and College of Local Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Using path analysis, the paper revealed that environmental orientation and environmental knowledge significantly influence the willingness to reduce plastic waste. All variables used in the research model are significant for both the outer and inner models. This study confirms a positive and significant influence on the relationship between independent variables, as well as between independent and dependent variables. All relationships produce T statistic > T table (1.96). Environmental knowledge is positively and significantly influenced by environmental orientation by 32% (TStat = 3.535), willingness to reduce plastic waste (TStat = 6.874) is influenced by environmental orientation by 50%, and willingness to reduce plastic waste (TStat = 5.454) is influenced by environmental knowledge by 41%. The findings of this study are important, considering that Gen Z will be decision-makers not only for personal interests in their consumption behavior but also for Gen Z’s position as policymakers in the future.

Carbon taxes are increasingly recognized as a critical tool in mitigating climate change by reducing carbon emissions. This study analyzes research trends in carbon tax studies using bibliometric techniques and social network analysis to explore their environmental and economic impacts and policy implications. By analyzing 922 documents from 308 sources published between 1968 and 2024, the study identifies key topics, emerging trends, and collaboration patterns among researchers. The results show a significant increase in carbon tax publications and citations, particularly from 2000 to 2019, peaking around 2017–2019, followed by a decline after 2021. The most frequently studied topics include carbon tax effects on emissions reduction, economic balance, and environmental sustainability. Social network analysis reveals influential researchers and institutions driving the discourse on carbon taxes, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in shaping effective policies. These findings provide insights into the evolution of carbon tax policies and underscore the need for continued research on specialized themes such as the role of carbon taxes in supply chain management, social equity, and energy policy.

Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the Rector and the Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University for their unwavering support and invaluable assistance in this analysis. Their commitment to advancing academic research and community service has been instrumental in completing this study.