Payments for environmental services and economic growth: A theoretical model

A rigorous and extensive application of the value chain management (VCM) has become the vogue in modern day business practices and processes. However, due to the complex and multidimensional nature of value chains, achieving efficient and effective value chain management in real value chains remains a major conundrum for practitioners. Many unknown barriers continue to impede effective and efficient value chain management in developing countries’ industrial value chains. The purpose of this study was to find out the common barriers to effective value chain management in a developing country’s industrial value chains using evidence from the cotton industry in Zimbabwe. The analysis was based on survey data sets obtained from 157 purposively sampled experts from the cotton industry value chain in Zimbabwe. Exploratory factor analysis was used to find the barriers to effective value chain management. The results revealed both architectural and governance barriers to effective value chain management. The findings also presented major policy implications for industrial value chains in the developing countries and also indicated areas for further robust research founded on a broader data set from other developing countries’ industrial chains as a way of validating the findings of this study.

Economy for green is currently becoming a “buzz word” among producers, suppliers and consumers, which is also receiving impetus in Bangladesh. Based on the literature review, a number of theoretical relationships were empirically tested. An investigative query is: to what extent the green economy is flourishing with a via to extend sustainability of the state with competitive advantage? Structured questionnaire was deliberated in order to find the relationships between the demographic variables and the green ecosystem. Time period of the research was October 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. It was empirically observed that the relationship between the respondents of both genders and usability of green production in the country exists; the connection between business type and sensitivity of any green product is easily obtainable; the linkage between business type and awareness of any green product is accessible in the market; the linkage between type of institution and encouraging goods and services of any “Green Product” in Bangladesh occurs; the relationship between different types of institutes and use of Green Product consumption is applicable in the country. Economy for Green can possibly reduce the magnitude of the worst shock of natural disasters which increasingly occur as regular variation in addition to severe problems on human being and non-human assets. Consumers and producers are essential by conscious of green concept. Green Investment Bank in Bangladesh may be established to accomplish a broad range of economic support for innovative green projects and technologies leading to increasing capacity and sustainable connections.

Realization of agricultural production complying with the sustainable development principles has resulted in a separate direction – organic farming. Its big difference from all other economy sectors is in its dependence on the natural and climatic conditions. Therefore, agricultural production has a dual nature, namely it depends on the environment health on the one hand, and, on the other hand, directly affects this health through the use of technologies that can both improve and substantially worsen the environmental situation. The institutional support for the organic farming is of great importance. This issue is relevant for scientists from countries, where organic farming is actively developing. In Ukraine, this is also a topical issue. The paper presents a conceptual framework of institutional support for the organic farming development, which includes elements such as state regulation, self-regulation, objects and subjects of organic farming, as well as an organic product market. Legal, informational, infrastructure and financial directions of ensuring the development of organic farming are also defined. The essence of each element is revealed. The main indicators of the organic farming development in Ukraine are analyzed, i.e. the organic farming areas, their proportion in agricultural lands, the number of producers, the volume of the organic market, the volume of organic consumption per capita, as well as the share of domestic organic land in the world's territory. A correlation analysis based on data from the largest world market of the USA made it possible to determine the factors that have the greatest impact on the development of the organic agricultural sector. The number of organic producers is statistically significant, and the share of land in the organic farming does not have a significant impact on the organic product consumption. At the same time, this can be seen from the point of view that the more producers will offer their products, the more saturated the market will be, and therefore the level of the organic products coverage can be greater.