The business effects of mega-sporting events on host cities: an empirical view

  • Received February 14, 2018;
    Accepted July 18, 2018;
    Published August 28, 2018
  • Author(s)
    Affiliation: Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Management, Yorkville University, Vancouver Campus, British Columbia
    Christian Tabi Amponsah
    ORCID ,
    Gouher Ahmed
    ORCID ,
    Manoj Kumar
    ORCID ,
    Samuel Adams
    ORCID
  • DOI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(3).2018.26
  • Article Info
    Volume 16 2018, Issue #3, pp. 324-336
  • TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯ
  • Cited by
    5 articles
  • 1582 Views
  • 503 Downloads

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

The study is an empirical view of the important issue of the business effects of the mega-sporting events (MSEs), like the Olympic Games, on which there are favorable and unfavorable views, the design of the study is to go through different views and find out the effects from knowing or knowledgeable persons of the event with the help of a sample of 155 respondents drawn randomly from across the continents in the form of opinions on the positive and negative effects of the MSEs through a questionnaire, containing questions on economic development, infrastructure development, environ¬ment, lifestyles, etc., and their favorable and unfavorable responses were elicited. The data collected have been analyzed in terms of the characteristics of respondents and their negative and positive responses on the Olympic and FIFA. The findings on the whole of study show that the hosting of the MSEs has positive effects on the economy and society of the host cities through the influx of tourists, infrastructure development, and image promotion of the country, among others, notwithstanding the certain drawbacks in terms of environmental disturbances, and some inconveniences to the locals.

view full abstract hide full abstract
    • Figure 1. Mega-sporting event model
    • Figure 2. Benefits that FIFA sporting events bring to the society
    • Figure 3. Benefits that the Olympic Games sporting events bring to the society
    • Figure 4. Staging the Olympic games has negative impacts on the environment
    • Figure 5. Staging the World Cup has negative impacts on the environment
    • Table 1. Demographic profile of respondents
    • Table 2. Mean and standard deviations of a 5-point scale items
    • Table 3. Mean and standard deviations of a 5-point scale items
    • Table 4. Results of hypotheses testing
    • Ahmed, F., & Pretorius, L. (2010) Mega-events and environmental impacts: The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. Alternation Journal, 17(2), 274-296.
    • Ahmed, G. (2018). Transforming the UAE from Desert to Developed Economy. Forbes Middle East, April (70), 29.
    • Alberts, H. C. (2009). Berlin’s failed bid to host the 2000 Summer Olympic Games: Urban development and the improvement of sports facilities. Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 33(2), 502-516.
    • Amponsah, C., & Ahmed, G. (2017). New Global Dimension of Business Excellence. International Journal of Business Excellence, 13(1), 60-78.
    • Baade, R. A., & Matheson, V. A. (2004). The quest for the cup: assessing the economic impact of the world cup. Regional studies, 38(4), 343-354.
    • Barclay, J. (2009). Predicting the costs and benefits of mega-sporting events: Misjudgment of Olympic proportions? Economic Affairs, 29(2) 62-66.
    • Baumann, R., & Matheson, V. (2013). Infrastructure Investments and Mega-Sports Events: Comparing the Experience of Developing and Industrialized Countries (Worcester, Massachusetts: College of the holy Cross, Department of Economics Faculty Research Series (No. 13-05), Working paper).
    • Chalip, L., Green, B., & Hill, B. (2003). Effects of sport event media on destination image and intention to visit. Journal of Sport Management, 17(3), 214-234.
    • Chappelet, J. L. (2012). Mega sporting event legacies: a multifaceted concept. Papeles de Europa, suppl. Special issue: The economics of mega-sporting events, Madrid, 25, 76-86.
    • Coates, D., & Humphreys, B. R. (2003). Professional sports facilities, franchises and urban economic development. Public Finance and Management, 3(3), 335-357.
    • Collins, A., Flynn, A., Wiedmann, A., & Barrett, J. (2006). The environmental impacts of consumption at a sub-national level: The Ecological Footprint of Cardiff. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 10(3), 1-16.
    • Conway, J., Isselhard, C., & Urbanski, E. (2013). The Economic Impact of Sport. The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research, 9(1), 18-23.
    • Deccio, C., & Baloglu, S. (2002). Nonhost community resident reactions to the 2002 Winter Olympics: The spillover impacts. Journal of Travel Research, 41(1), 46-56.
    • Dillman, D. A. (1991). The design and administration of mail surveys. Annual review of sociology, 225-249.
    • Dolles, H., & Söderman, S. (2008). Mega-sporting events in Asia – impacts on society, business and management: An Introduction. Asian Business & Management, 7(2), 147-162.
    • Federation Internationale de Football Association (2012). About FIFA’s CSR.
    • Fourie, J., & Santana-Gallego, M. (2011). The impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals. Tourism Management, 32(6), 1364-1370.
    • Gaffney, C. (2010). Mega-events and socio-spatial dynamics in Rio de Janeiro, 1919–2016. Journal of Latin American Geography, 9(1), 7-29.
    • Horne, J., & Manzenreiter, W. (2006). An introduction to the sociology of sports mega-events. The Sociological Review, 54(2), 1-24.
    • Horrocks, M., & Stewart, D. (1999). Sports events of extended duration particularly need thorough monitoring and planning. Enhancing Healthy Mega-Events: Planning for Health Rights. Paper presented at First International Conference on Sports and Human Rights 1-3, September 1999, Sydney, Australia.
    • Houston, D. J. (2000). Public-service motivation: A multivariate test. Journal of public administration research and theory, 10(4) 713-728.
    • International Olympic Committee (2010). The contribution of the International Olympic Committee to the millennium development goals.
    • International Olympic Committee (2012). The Olympic Movement.
    • Jones, C. (2001). Mega-events and host-region impacts – determining the true worth of the 1999 Rugby World Cup. International Journal of Tourism Research, 3, 241-251.
    • Kim, D. Y., Fingler, J., Zawadzki, R. J., Park, S. S., Morse, L. S., Schwartz, D. M., Fraser, S. E., & Werner, J. S. (2013). Optical imaging of the chorioretinal vasculature in the living human eye. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(35), 14354-14359.
    • Lee, S. (2001). A Review of Economic Impact Study on Sport Events. The Sport Journal, 4(2).
    • Lenskyj, H. J. (2008). Olympic industry resistance: Challenging Olympic power and propaganda. SUNY series on sport, culture and social relations. Albany: State University of New York Press.
    • Maharaj, B. (2009). Migrants and urban rights: Politics of xenophobia in South African cities. L’Espace Politique. Revue en ligne de géographie politique et de géopolitique, (8).
    • Matheson, V. A. (2002). Upon further review: an examination of sporting event economic impact studies. The Sport Journal, 5(1), 1-4.
    • Matheson, V. (2006). Mega- Events: effect of the world’s biggest sporting events on local, regional, and national economies (Faculty Research Series Paper No. 06-10). Worcester (MA): College of the Holy Cross, Department of Economics.
    • Matheson, V., & Baade, R. (2003). Mega-sporting events in developing nations: Playing the Way to prosperity? (Working Papers 0404. College of the Holy Cross. Department of Economics).
    • Matheson, V. A., & Baade, R. A. (2004). Mega-sporting events in developing nations: playing the way to prosperity? South African journal of economics, 72(5), 1085-1096.
    • Matos, P. (2006). Hosting Mega Sports Events – A Brief Assessment of their Multidimensional Impacts. Paper presented at The Copenhagen Conference on the Economic and Social Impact of Hosting Mega Sport Events on 01/09/2006.
    • Olympic Movement (2003). World conference on sport and environment.
    • Olympic Review (2004). Official publication of the Olympic movement.
    • Parsons, T., & Smelser, N. (2005). Economy and society: A study in the integration of economic and social theory. Routledge.
    • Pillay, U., & Bass, O. (2008, September). Mega-events as a response to poverty reduction: The 2010 FIFA World Cup and its urban development implications. Urban Forum, 19(3), 329-346. Springer Netherlands.
    • Porter, P., & Fletcher, D. (2008). The Economic Impact of the Olympic Games: Ex Ante Predictions and Ex Poste Reality. Journal of Sport Management, 22(4), 470-486.
    • Ritchie, B., & Smith, B. (1991). The impact of a mega event on host region awareness – a longitudinal study. Journal of Travel Research, 30(1), 3-10.
    • Roche, M. (2000). Mega-events and modernity. London: Routledge.
    • Rose, A. K., & Spiegel, M. M. (2010). Cross‐country causes and consequences of the 2008 crisis: International linkages and American exposure. Pacific Economic Review, 15(3), 340-363.
    • Rose, A. K., & Spiegel, M. M. (2010). The Olympic trade effect. Finance & development, 47(1), 12-13.
    • Rose, A. K., & Spiegel, M. M. (2011). The Olympic effect. The Economic Journal, 121(553), 652-677.
    • Smith, A. (2005). Reimaging the city – the value of sport initiatives. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 217-236.
    • Soroka, S. N., & Wlezien, C. (2010). Degrees of democracy: Politics, public opinion, and policy. Cambridge University Press.
    • Tavakkoli, M. (2016). Leveraging of the Olympic Games on Mega-Sporting Events: A StrategicFramework for the Development of Sport. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 4(2), 44-56.
    • Walker, M., Heere, B., Parent, M., & Drane, D. (2010). Social responsibility and the Olympic games: The mediating role of consumer attributions. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(4), 659-680.
    • Zawadzki, K. (2013). The impact of mega sports events on the stock markets (No. 44467). University Library of Munich, Germany.
Related Articles

  • Environmental Performance Index: relation between social and economic welfare of the countries

    Tetyana PimonenkoORCID Researcher ID, Oleksii LyulyovORCID Researcher ID, Olena ChygrynORCID Researcher ID, Maksim Palienko doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.09(3).2018.01
    Environmental Economics Volume 9, 2018         Issue #3         pp. 1-11 Views: 3528 Downloads: 530 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯ

    The paper deals with the analysis of methodology of Environmental Performance Index. The authors analyzed and systematized the main existing integrated indices, which were used for evaluation of environmental, social and economic situation in the countries. The authors allocated the environmental performance index as a basis for analyzing the environmental policy of the country. In this direction, the authors analysed the main features, structure and indicators of environmental performance index. The authors allocated the world-leader countries with huge level of CO2 emissions. According to the results, the authors aproved that these countries should improve their environmental policy. Accordingly, they occupied less position in environmental performance index. For the purpose to analyze the relation between ecological, social and economic welfare, the authors analyzed score of sustainable development goal index, social progress index and gross domestic product per capita. The comparison analysis of findings showed that countries with good position on environmental performance index have the strong position on sustainable development goal index and social progress index. The authors suggested that Ukraine should orient to the EU countries with purpose to improve the environmental policy.

  • Industrial development in Saudi Arabia: disparity in growth and development

    Anis AliORCID doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.03
    Problems and Perspectives in Management Volume 18, 2020         Issue #2         pp. 23-35 Views: 3004 Downloads: 1021 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯ

    Industrial development in any nation plays a vital role in the strengthening of the economy and employs human resources as per specifications and directly towards the mainstream of the nation. In Saudi Arabia, there was rapid industrialization for four decades. Some manufacturing industries performed well, while some internal and external business environment factors influenced the others’ performance. The study focuses on historical development, as well as recent trends of well-performing and poor-performing industries of Saudi Arabia. Small manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia are underdeveloped and need more attention to attain sustainable and progressive growth rate in the form of the number of establishments to enjoy the potential. Manufacture of tobacco, computer, electronics and optics, pharmaceuticals and transport equipment are the deprived and underdeveloped industries of the manufacturing sector. There should be some easy credit schemes for the development of deprived or underdeveloped manufacturing industries. To attain sustainable growth and development of the manufacturing sector, a positive attitude of the government towards underdeveloped manufacturing industries, favorable labor laws, and entrepreneurial awareness, technical and financial assistance are necessary. The growth and development of the manufacturing sector of Saudi Arabia will be helpful in the attainment of goals of Vision 2030.

  • Influence of the dimensions of CSR activities on consumer purchase intention

    Vinod SharmaORCID Researcher ID, Jeanne PouloseORCID Researcher ID, Subhasmita MohantaORCID , Liza Elizabeth AntonyORCID doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.14(1).2018.03
    Innovative Marketing Volume 14, 2018         Issue #1         pp. 23-32 Views: 2733 Downloads: 433 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯ

    Over the years, the number of organizations investing in CSR activities has increased considerably. This increase is partially attributable to the intention of the organizations to give back to the society to repair and reduce the loss their intentional or unintentional actions might have caused to the environment. The government’s decision to make it mandatory for businesses to invest a small part of their net profit in social welfare activities has also helped nudge the organizations towards CSR activities. However, the question whether this investment influences customers’ intention to purchase the product in any manner remains an unresolved paradox. Limited researches have been conducted in this area to explore and establish the relationship if any between CSR and consumer purchase intention. This research focuses on the five different factors of CSR comprising of loyalty, morality, awareness, behavior and environment, which are identified from the previous literature. With the help of these factors, the authors researched and established the relationship between them and consumer purchase intention. In this descriptive research, the research questionnaire was distributed to 1500 respondents, using convenient sampling method, out of which 319 responses were finally obtained for the analysis purpose. After testing the reliability and validity of the data, the five hypotheses were tested using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). It was found that all the five hypotheses were supported and thereby acknowledged the significant influence of CSR related activities performed by companies on the consumer purchase intention. The CSR driven morality is emerging to be the most important dimension that appears to influence the consumer purchase intentions. These finding will help decision-makers to formulate their promotion activities in such a manner that it aligns with the value system of the consumers and increase the overall consumer base.

Download Preview
Close
Problems and Perspectives in Management
Problems and Perspectives in Management