Level of shadow economy in Ukraine: reasons and ways to overcome

Spurred by the need to evade possible parameter bias associated with earlier works, this study intended to address the subject of whether performance of commercial banking contributes to economic growth. With the aim of answering this question, the present review concentrates on analyzing the association between profitability, deposit and credit facilities as proxy for performance of commercial banks while gross domestic product proxies economic growth. The population of the study is characterized by the Jordanian banking industry; the study enclosed a period of six years from 2010 to 2015 constructed on the annual report of thirteen chosen banks. Using Ordinary Least Square, the regression outcomes found a significant positive association between measures of bank performance and economic growth. Findings demonstrate that measures of bank performance in particular profitability deposits credits have positive relationship with economic growth as measured by GDP. The empirical results suggest that the policy creators should make arrangements to augment and prompt the banking sector in Jordan on account of its key significance in making and advancing development of the economy. It additionally can be inferred that not only commercial banking performance but also other movables such as political stability and technology may assume essential part in the economic prosperity in Jordan.

With the development of the information society, there has been rapidly growing number of international research on the role of various (information, innovation, intelligent) technologies as a catalyst to fight corruption. As you know, the problems posed by corruption are economic, social and political consequences. In recent years economists and various researchers have shown increasing interest in studying the phenomenon of corruption. Many researchers in the field of studying corruption phenomenon are of theoretical nature, which studied different behaviors without having developed effective methods and technologies to identify and prevent corruption in the various spheres of government. In this regard, there is a need to study the world experience of application of technologies in the prevention of corruption and anti-corruption platform in Ukraine. This will allow to adapt them to positive experience in the implementation of mechanisms to identify and prevent corruption in Ukraine. The authors believe that to obtain a more accurate picture of the corruption situations that provide characteristics and its quantitative description is possible only by means of modelling the corruption phenomenon. In this regard, the analysis of theoretical models of corruption was made: the modelling made by the mathematical notation of the models and conclusions on the effectiveness of their application in management. Using simulation, the authors came to the conclusion that the detection and prevention of corruption should be carried out with the use of technologies and the system approach: from the study of statistics and use of anti-corruption platforms, public registers and databases to logical and probabilistic (LP) risk models of corruption.

The issues of crimes commission in the sphere of banking activity in Ukraine are highlighted. It is emphasized that crimes in banking activity are systematically committed by the public officials of the state. Such actions committed by the public officials cause the losses to the Ukrainian economy in the specially big amount. In the last two years, the socially dangerous consequences of these acts for the state economy are calculated by hundreds of millions of hryvnias. The defendants of these resonant criminal cases are the heads of banking institutions and senior public officials, as well as the officials of the National Bank of Ukraine. Moreover, the losses of these crimes cannot be compensated to the state economy, since the money laundered are placed for a long time in offshore areas outside the state. The conclusion is fomulated that current criminal legislation of Ukraine should be amended. First, there is the social need for criminalization of the socially dangerous actions committed by the public officials in banking sphere. Second, the study of the criminal legislation of the separate countries demonstrates that criminal liability of the legal persons for commission of the criminal offences in the sphere of banking activity is an effective measure to prevent the negative effects of the criminal threats. So this liability should also be introduced in Ukraine. Third, negligent crimes in the sphere of banking activities should also be criminalized, because an absence of such criminal prohibilion leads to the negligent behavior of the bank managers and to the socially dangerous results.