Qualitative assessment of the development of creative industries in emerging countries: The case of Kazakhstan
-
Author(s)Raigul DoszhanLink to ORCID Index: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6440-917X
,
Aygerim NussyupayevaLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2040-8279
,
Gulnara Baimakhambetova
,
Laura AshirbekovaLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-7854
,
Yuriy BilanLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-009X
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(3).2022.28
-
Article InfoVolume 20 2022, Issue #3, pp. 350-361
- Cited by
- 579 Views
-
229 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The creative industries sector is snowballing, and many developing countries see it as a tool for national and local development. Given the regional specificity, political narratives adopted in developed countries may not apply in economies under transition. This paper aims to evaluate the current state of creative business in emerging countries such as Kazakhstan. Adopting the design of a qualitative method, 34 semi-structured interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs and owners of small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan’s creative industries. The Nvivo 10 qualitative data analysis software was used for processing the data. The interviews help to understand better the factors affecting the development of the creative industry. In general, results indicate insufficient support from government agencies, lack of accessible resources to support entrepreneurs (65% of respondents used their capital, while 17% of them were forced to apply for loans from a bank), information availability, and skills shortage. Shortage of skills is also related to the creative brain drain in Kazakhstan. One of the main problems is access to materials and technology since most of the resources are foreign-made and imported.
Acknowledgment
The authors appreciate the grant funding for young scientists Scientific and (or) in the years 2020–2022 the MES science project number AR08052483 “Creative Industries: methodological aspects of classification and quantitative measurements in the Republic of Kazakhstan” in the framework of the budget program 217 “Development of science”.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)O32, М13, М30
-
References51
-
Tables3
-
Figures2
-
- Figure 1. Research design
- Figure 2. Factors influencing the development of creative industries in Kazakhstan
-
- Table 1. Research sample
- Table 2. Description of the codes of the analysis
- Table 3. Results of analysis factors impact on the development of creative industries in Kazakhstan
-
- Abbasi, M., Vassilopoulou, P., & Stergioulas, L. (2017). Technology roadmap for the Creative Industries. Creative Industries Journal, 10(1), 40-58.
- Ajide, F. M. (2022). Entrepreneurship and productivity in Africa: the role of institutions. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 12(1), 147-168.
- Baker, T., & Nelson, R. E. (2005). Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3), 329-366.
- Balcerak, A., & Woźniak, J. (2021). Reactions to some ICT-based personnel selection tools. Economics and Sociology, 14(1), 214-231.
- Beukelaer, C. D. (2014). Creative industries in “developing” countries: Questioning country classifications in the UNCTAD creative economy reports. Cultural Trends, 23(4), 232-251.
- Birkinshaw, J., Brannen, M. Y., & Tung, R. L. (2011). From a distance and generalizable to up close and grounded: Reclaiming a place for qualitative methods in international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(5), 573-581.
- Braja, M., & Gemzik-Salwach, A. (2020). Competitiveness of high-tech exports in the EU countries. Journal of International Studies, 13(1), 359-372.
- Bugrov, V., Sitnicki, M. W., & Serbin O. (2021). Strategic management of creative industries: A case study of university information institutions. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(2), 453-467.
- Cavusgil, S. T., & Knight, G. (2015). The born global firm: An entrepreneurial and capabilities perspective on early and rapid internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(1), 3-16.
- Claessens, S., & Perotti, E. (2007). Finance and inequality: Channels and evidence. Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(4), 748-773.
- Cruz, S., & Teixeira, A. A. C. (2014). Assessing the Magnitude of Creative Employment: A Comprehensive Mapping and Estimation of Existing Methodologies. European Planning Studies, 22(10), 2172-2209.
- Cruz, S., & Teixeira, A. A. C. (2015). The neglected heterogeneity of spatial agglomeration and co-location patterns of creative employment: evidence from Portugal. Annals of Regional Science, 54(1), 143-177.
- Doz, Y. (2011). Qualitative research for international business. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(5), 582-590.
- Evans, G. (2009). Creative cities, creative spaces and urban policy. Urban Studies, 46(5-6), 1003-1040.
- Flew, T., & Cunningham, S. (2010). Creative Industries After the First Decade of Debate. The Information Society, 26(2), 113-123.
- Gandini, A. (2016). Digital work: Self-branding and social capital in the freelance knowledge economy. Marketing Theory, 16(1), 123-141.
- Gibson, C., & Homan, S. (2004). Urban Redevelopment, Live Music and Public Space: Cultural performance and the re-making of Marrickville. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 10(1), 67-84.
- Goel, N., & Madan, P. (2019). Benchmarking financial inclusion for women entrepreneurship – a study of Uttarakhand state of India. Benchmarking, 26(1), 160-175.
- Gold, G. J. (2011). Review of Predicting and Changing Behavior: The Reasoned Action Approach. The Journal of Social Psychology, 151(3), 382-385.
- Hall, P. (2000). Creative cities and economic development. Urban Studies, 37(4), 639-649.
- Hoffman, K., Parejo, M., Bessant, J., & Perren, L. (1998). Small firms, R&D, technology and innovation in the UK: A literature review. Technovation, 18(1), 39-55.
- Howkins, J. (2018). Creative ecologies: where thinking is a proper job. Routledge.
- Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Data management and analysis methods. In Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 428-444). Sage Publications, Inc.
- Indergaard, M. (2014). Venture Labor: Work and the Burden of Risk in Innovative Industries. Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews, 43(3), 397-398.
- Keane, M. (2013). Creative industries in China: Art design and media. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Lewandowska, A., Stopa, M., & Inglot-Brzęk, E. (2021). Innovativeness and entrepreneurship: socioeconomic remarks on regional development in peripheral regions. Economics and Sociology, 14(2), 222-235.
- Mahmood, A., Sarfraz, M., Ramzan, M. A., & Abdullah, M. I. (2018). Impact of creativity on entrepreneurial intentions through self-efficacy. International Journal of Humanities and Social Development Research, 2(1), 56-80.
- McRobbie, A. (2002). Clubs to Companies: Notes on the Decline of Political Culture in Speeded Up Creative Worlds. Cultural Studies, 16(4), 516-531.
- Mietzner, D., & Kamprath, M. (2013). A competence portfolio for professionals in the creative industries. Creativity and Innovation Management, 22(3), 280-294.
- Moore, G., Audrey, S., Barker, M., Bond, L., Bonell, C., Cooper, C., Hardeman, W., Moore, L., O’Cathain, A., Tinati, T., Wight, D., & Baird, J. (2014). Process evaluation in complex public health intervention studies: The need for guidance. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 68(2), 101-102.
- Neuwirth, R. (2013). Global governance and the creative economy: The developing versus developed country dichotomy revisited. Frontiers of Legal Research, 1(1), 127-144.
- Novikova, I., Stepanova, A.,Zhylinska, O., & Bediukh O. (2020). Knowledge and technology transfer networking platforms in modern research universities. Innovative Marketing, 16(1), 57-65.
- OECD. (2016). Policy brief on scaling the impact of social enterprises: Policies for social entrepreneurship.
- Oliinyk, O., Bilan, Y., & Mishchuk, H. (2021). Knowledge Management and Economic Growth: The Assessment of Links and Determinants of Regulation. Central European Management Journal, 29(3), 20-39.
- Oliveira, J. M., Araujo, B. C., & Silva, L. V. (2013). Panorama Da Economia Criativa No Brasil (Texto Para Discussão 1880). Rio de Janeiro. (In Spanish).
- Paige, R. C., & Littrell, M. A. (2002). Craft retailers’ criteria for success and associated business strategies. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(4), 314-331.
- Pratt, A. C. (2008). Creative cities: the cultural industries by. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 90(2), 107-117.
- Pratt, A. C. (2009). Urban regeneration: From the arts “feel good” factor to the cultural economy: A case study of Hoxton, London. Urban Studies, 46(5-6), 1041-1061.
- Remeikiene, R., Gaspareniene L., Fedajev, A., & Vebraite, V. (2021). The role of ICT development in boosting economic growth in transition economies. Journal of International Studies, 14(4), 9-22.
- Roshchyk, I., Oliinyk, O., Mishchuk, H., & Bilan, Y. (2022). IT Products, E-Commerce, and Growth: Analysis of Links in Emerging Market. Transformations in Business & Economics, 21(1), 209-227.
- Rybina L. (2021). Factors affecting usage of mobile payments by youth in Kazakhstan. Innovative Marketing, 17(4), 103-110.
- Sabden, O., Kozhakhmetova, A., Zhidebekkyzy, A., & Turdalina, S. (2020). The impact of organizational support on project efficiency: Evidence from Kazakhstan. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(4), 203-212.
- Si, S., Ahlstrom, D., Wei, J., & Cullen, J. (2020). Business, Entrepreneurship and Innovation Toward Poverty Reduction. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 32(1-2), 1-20.
- Sinkovics, R. R., Penz, E., & Ghauri, P. N. (2008). Enhancing the trustworthiness of qualitative research in international business. Management International Review, 48(6), 689-714.
- Throsby, D. (2008). The concentric circles model of the cultural industries. Cultural Trends, 17(3), 147-164.
- Travkina, E., & Sacco, P. L. (2020). Culture Shock: COVID-19 and the Cultural and Creative Sectors. OECD.
- UNCTAD. (2018). Creative Economy Outlook Trends in International trade in Creative Industries 2002–2015: Country Profile 2005–2014 (p. 238).
- UNDP. (2013). Creative Economy Report 2013 Special Edition. Widening Local Development Pathways.
- Xu, Y. H., Lu, L., & Yao, Z. X. (2016). Culture and Creative Industry in China: Critical Review on the Current Research Trends and Future Development. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 13(6), 1-24.
- Yúdice, G. (2003). The expediency of culture: Uses of culture in the global era. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
- Yusuf, S., & Nabeshima, K. (2005). Creative industries in East Asia. Cities, 22(2), 109-122.
-
The effect of industrial revolutions on the transformation of social and economic systems
Leonid Melnyk ,
Oleksandr Kubatko ,
Iryna Dehtyarova ,
Oleksandr Matsenko ,
Oleksandr Rozhko
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.31
Problems and Perspectives in Management Volume 17, 2019 Issue #4 pp. 381-391 Views: 2108 Downloads: 1174 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThe development of human civilization is related to the constant change of economic formations, and the current social and economic situation is determined by such concepts as Society 5.0, Fourth, and Fifth Industrial Revolutions (FIR, FiIR). The paper aims to estimate the change of human role in each economic formation caused by industrial revolutions. A structured review methodology with a focus on biological, labor, and personal entity of human within the industrial revolutions is used. The description of the changes between the biological, labor, and personality entities of human in various socio-economic formations is discussed. The human as a biological entity is not changed in the first four industrial revolutions, while the FiIR tries to change the biological entity through augmenting the physical capacity. The human as a labor entity is not changed in the first three industrial formations, while the FIR tries to replace the majority of physical human jobs and opens the gate for creative economy and decisions-making. The direct labor participation is minimized within FIR since the economic systems move to the transition to the dominant role of cyber-physical systems. The personal human development is triggered within the FiIR, since informational diversity in economic systems is actualized, and conditions for creative jobs within the creative economy are formed. The biological, labor, and personality entities of human are sequentially actualized within the economic formation caused by industrial revolutions.
-
Factors influencing the legal regulation and management of education system in Kazakhstan: a review and analysis
Zulfiya Movkebayeva ,
Dana Khamitova ,
Aibarsha Zholtayeva ,
Venera Balmagambetova ,
Kairat Balabiyev
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(4).2020.02
Problems and Perspectives in Management Volume 18, 2020 Issue #4 pp. 14-24 Views: 1568 Downloads: 203 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯNowadays, the modernization of the education system is the basis of dynamic sustainable economic development and citizens’ well-being. The key agent for the implementation of educational policy and the developer of the legal framework governing the functioning of the educational sphere is the state and its bodies. The Kazakhstani state policy’s main priorities in the field of education are formulated in several strategic documents. Using the review approach, this article examines the current state of public policy and legal regulation in Kazakhstan’s education sector. The article analyzes key documents that define the contours and content of the main directions of public policy and legal regulation. This article attempts to identify, review, and analyze the legal characteristics of the key process and factors existing in the legal field of Kazakhstani education, such as “Bologna factor,” “soviet legacy,” “provision of quality,” etc. The article concludes that the existing legal tools do not fully comply with law enforcement practice. The interpretations of some legal acts are somewhat different, which causes difficulties for actors providing educational services. Based on the result of the analysis, the article provides the main recommendations for improving legislation in education.
Acknowledgment
This article was written under grant from Kazakhstan Ministry of Education and Science No. АР05135081 “Student with disabilities and distance education learning environment: socio-practical and legal dimensions” coordinated by Prof. Dr Zulfiya Movkebayeva (Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University). -
The impact of inflation targeting on macroeconomic indicators in Ukraine
Mykhailo Kuzheliev ,
Dmytro Zherlitsyn ,
Ihor Rekunenko ,
Alina Nechyporenko ,
Guram Nemsadze
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(2).2020.09
Banks and Bank Systems Volume 15, 2020 Issue #2 pp. 94-104 Views: 1161 Downloads: 329 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThe correlation between macroeconomic dynamics and the inflation rate is the subject of many economic studies. The principles of monetary policy are developed in classical economics studies, which are based on the theories of Keynes, Phillips, Campbell, etc. However, classic approaches require practical validation, especially with regard to modern economic trends in times of crisis and emerging economies. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to investigate and summarize the impact of inflation targeting and other key monetary policy instruments on fundamental economic indicators in Ukraine during periods of stability and crises. An empirical analysis is based on official statistics from Ukraine for 2011–2019. This study uses econometric methods (multivariate regression and simultaneous equation model), which are applied for the general and transmission impact of inflation on the estimation of economic growth. The results prove that inflation does not affect (less than 0.46 linear correlation) fundamental economic indicators during periods of real GDP growth and a quarterly CPI level of less than 2%. On the other hand, there are significant simultaneous regressions (more than 0.8 coefficients of determination) between unemployed, spending on real final consumption, hryvnia exchange rate and monetary policy instruments (discount rate, international reserves, amount of government bonds, M3 monetary aggregate) for periods when the quarterly CPI (consumer price index) is more than 2%. Therefore, the traditional monetary policy implications are discussed for emerging economies.
