Qualitative assessment of the development of creative industries in emerging countries: The case of Kazakhstan
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(3).2022.28
-
Article InfoVolume 20 2022, Issue #3, pp. 350-361
- Cited by
- 589 Views
-
230 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The creative industries sector is snowballing, and many developing countries see it as a tool for national and local development. Given the regional specificity, political narratives adopted in developed countries may not apply in economies under transition. This paper aims to evaluate the current state of creative business in emerging countries such as Kazakhstan. Adopting the design of a qualitative method, 34 semi-structured interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs and owners of small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan’s creative industries. The Nvivo 10 qualitative data analysis software was used for processing the data. The interviews help to understand better the factors affecting the development of the creative industry. In general, results indicate insufficient support from government agencies, lack of accessible resources to support entrepreneurs (65% of respondents used their capital, while 17% of them were forced to apply for loans from a bank), information availability, and skills shortage. Shortage of skills is also related to the creative brain drain in Kazakhstan. One of the main problems is access to materials and technology since most of the resources are foreign-made and imported.
Acknowledgment
The authors appreciate the grant funding for young scientists Scientific and (or) in the years 2020–2022 the MES science project number AR08052483 “Creative Industries: methodological aspects of classification and quantitative measurements in the Republic of Kazakhstan” in the framework of the budget program 217 “Development of science”.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)O32, М13, М30
-
References51
-
Tables3
-
Figures2
-
- Figure 1. Research design
- Figure 2. Factors influencing the development of creative industries in Kazakhstan
-
- Table 1. Research sample
- Table 2. Description of the codes of the analysis
- Table 3. Results of analysis factors impact on the development of creative industries in Kazakhstan
-
- Abbasi, M., Vassilopoulou, P., & Stergioulas, L. (2017). Technology roadmap for the Creative Industries. Creative Industries Journal, 10(1), 40-58.
- Ajide, F. M. (2022). Entrepreneurship and productivity in Africa: the role of institutions. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 12(1), 147-168.
- Baker, T., & Nelson, R. E. (2005). Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3), 329-366.
- Balcerak, A., & Woźniak, J. (2021). Reactions to some ICT-based personnel selection tools. Economics and Sociology, 14(1), 214-231.
- Beukelaer, C. D. (2014). Creative industries in “developing” countries: Questioning country classifications in the UNCTAD creative economy reports. Cultural Trends, 23(4), 232-251.
- Birkinshaw, J., Brannen, M. Y., & Tung, R. L. (2011). From a distance and generalizable to up close and grounded: Reclaiming a place for qualitative methods in international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(5), 573-581.
- Braja, M., & Gemzik-Salwach, A. (2020). Competitiveness of high-tech exports in the EU countries. Journal of International Studies, 13(1), 359-372.
- Bugrov, V., Sitnicki, M. W., & Serbin O. (2021). Strategic management of creative industries: A case study of university information institutions. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(2), 453-467.
- Cavusgil, S. T., & Knight, G. (2015). The born global firm: An entrepreneurial and capabilities perspective on early and rapid internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(1), 3-16.
- Claessens, S., & Perotti, E. (2007). Finance and inequality: Channels and evidence. Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(4), 748-773.
- Cruz, S., & Teixeira, A. A. C. (2014). Assessing the Magnitude of Creative Employment: A Comprehensive Mapping and Estimation of Existing Methodologies. European Planning Studies, 22(10), 2172-2209.
- Cruz, S., & Teixeira, A. A. C. (2015). The neglected heterogeneity of spatial agglomeration and co-location patterns of creative employment: evidence from Portugal. Annals of Regional Science, 54(1), 143-177.
- Doz, Y. (2011). Qualitative research for international business. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(5), 582-590.
- Evans, G. (2009). Creative cities, creative spaces and urban policy. Urban Studies, 46(5-6), 1003-1040.
- Flew, T., & Cunningham, S. (2010). Creative Industries After the First Decade of Debate. The Information Society, 26(2), 113-123.
- Gandini, A. (2016). Digital work: Self-branding and social capital in the freelance knowledge economy. Marketing Theory, 16(1), 123-141.
- Gibson, C., & Homan, S. (2004). Urban Redevelopment, Live Music and Public Space: Cultural performance and the re-making of Marrickville. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 10(1), 67-84.
- Goel, N., & Madan, P. (2019). Benchmarking financial inclusion for women entrepreneurship – a study of Uttarakhand state of India. Benchmarking, 26(1), 160-175.
- Gold, G. J. (2011). Review of Predicting and Changing Behavior: The Reasoned Action Approach. The Journal of Social Psychology, 151(3), 382-385.
- Hall, P. (2000). Creative cities and economic development. Urban Studies, 37(4), 639-649.
- Hoffman, K., Parejo, M., Bessant, J., & Perren, L. (1998). Small firms, R&D, technology and innovation in the UK: A literature review. Technovation, 18(1), 39-55.
- Howkins, J. (2018). Creative ecologies: where thinking is a proper job. Routledge.
- Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Data management and analysis methods. In Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 428-444). Sage Publications, Inc.
- Indergaard, M. (2014). Venture Labor: Work and the Burden of Risk in Innovative Industries. Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews, 43(3), 397-398.
- Keane, M. (2013). Creative industries in China: Art design and media. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Lewandowska, A., Stopa, M., & Inglot-Brzęk, E. (2021). Innovativeness and entrepreneurship: socioeconomic remarks on regional development in peripheral regions. Economics and Sociology, 14(2), 222-235.
- Mahmood, A., Sarfraz, M., Ramzan, M. A., & Abdullah, M. I. (2018). Impact of creativity on entrepreneurial intentions through self-efficacy. International Journal of Humanities and Social Development Research, 2(1), 56-80.
- McRobbie, A. (2002). Clubs to Companies: Notes on the Decline of Political Culture in Speeded Up Creative Worlds. Cultural Studies, 16(4), 516-531.
- Mietzner, D., & Kamprath, M. (2013). A competence portfolio for professionals in the creative industries. Creativity and Innovation Management, 22(3), 280-294.
- Moore, G., Audrey, S., Barker, M., Bond, L., Bonell, C., Cooper, C., Hardeman, W., Moore, L., O’Cathain, A., Tinati, T., Wight, D., & Baird, J. (2014). Process evaluation in complex public health intervention studies: The need for guidance. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 68(2), 101-102.
- Neuwirth, R. (2013). Global governance and the creative economy: The developing versus developed country dichotomy revisited. Frontiers of Legal Research, 1(1), 127-144.
- Novikova, I., Stepanova, A.,Zhylinska, O., & Bediukh O. (2020). Knowledge and technology transfer networking platforms in modern research universities. Innovative Marketing, 16(1), 57-65.
- OECD. (2016). Policy brief on scaling the impact of social enterprises: Policies for social entrepreneurship.
- Oliinyk, O., Bilan, Y., & Mishchuk, H. (2021). Knowledge Management and Economic Growth: The Assessment of Links and Determinants of Regulation. Central European Management Journal, 29(3), 20-39.
- Oliveira, J. M., Araujo, B. C., & Silva, L. V. (2013). Panorama Da Economia Criativa No Brasil (Texto Para Discussão 1880). Rio de Janeiro. (In Spanish).
- Paige, R. C., & Littrell, M. A. (2002). Craft retailers’ criteria for success and associated business strategies. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(4), 314-331.
- Pratt, A. C. (2008). Creative cities: the cultural industries by. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 90(2), 107-117.
- Pratt, A. C. (2009). Urban regeneration: From the arts “feel good” factor to the cultural economy: A case study of Hoxton, London. Urban Studies, 46(5-6), 1041-1061.
- Remeikiene, R., Gaspareniene L., Fedajev, A., & Vebraite, V. (2021). The role of ICT development in boosting economic growth in transition economies. Journal of International Studies, 14(4), 9-22.
- Roshchyk, I., Oliinyk, O., Mishchuk, H., & Bilan, Y. (2022). IT Products, E-Commerce, and Growth: Analysis of Links in Emerging Market. Transformations in Business & Economics, 21(1), 209-227.
- Rybina L. (2021). Factors affecting usage of mobile payments by youth in Kazakhstan. Innovative Marketing, 17(4), 103-110.
- Sabden, O., Kozhakhmetova, A., Zhidebekkyzy, A., & Turdalina, S. (2020). The impact of organizational support on project efficiency: Evidence from Kazakhstan. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(4), 203-212.
- Si, S., Ahlstrom, D., Wei, J., & Cullen, J. (2020). Business, Entrepreneurship and Innovation Toward Poverty Reduction. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 32(1-2), 1-20.
- Sinkovics, R. R., Penz, E., & Ghauri, P. N. (2008). Enhancing the trustworthiness of qualitative research in international business. Management International Review, 48(6), 689-714.
- Throsby, D. (2008). The concentric circles model of the cultural industries. Cultural Trends, 17(3), 147-164.
- Travkina, E., & Sacco, P. L. (2020). Culture Shock: COVID-19 and the Cultural and Creative Sectors. OECD.
- UNCTAD. (2018). Creative Economy Outlook Trends in International trade in Creative Industries 2002–2015: Country Profile 2005–2014 (p. 238).
- UNDP. (2013). Creative Economy Report 2013 Special Edition. Widening Local Development Pathways.
- Xu, Y. H., Lu, L., & Yao, Z. X. (2016). Culture and Creative Industry in China: Critical Review on the Current Research Trends and Future Development. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 13(6), 1-24.
- Yúdice, G. (2003). The expediency of culture: Uses of culture in the global era. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
- Yusuf, S., & Nabeshima, K. (2005). Creative industries in East Asia. Cities, 22(2), 109-122.