Honesty as a value in the interpersonal relationships in organizations
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(1).2022.02
-
Article InfoVolume 20 2022, Issue #1, pp. 14-26
- Cited by
- 1374 Views
-
1482 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The crisis caused by COVID-19 has increased interest to the subject of integrity in organizations. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the opinions on the value of honesty, broken down by the group of supervisors and subordinates during the crisis caused by COVID-19. The analysis was carried out in Poland among undergraduate students pursuing a bachelor’s degree in fields representing disciplines other than management. The paper used a survey method; 102 respondents took part in the survey. 9.52% of men and 5.00% of women in the group of subordinates did not have opinions on this subject. In the group of supervisors, the situation was completely opposite: 6.25% of women and 4.76% of men showed such a result. Significant discrepancies were noticed in the assessment of the importance of honesty depending on the education field of the respondents. The difference between the highest assessments of the importance of this value was 33.70 percentage points in the supervisors’ group, and 38.64 percentage points in the subordinates group. Drawing attention to this problem, which affects all participants of an organization to a different extent, may help to shape the ethical attitudes of future managers and, in consequence, manage their organizations better.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)D21, D22, M10, M50
-
References45
-
Tables2
-
Figures8
-
- Figure 1. Importance of integrity values in the COVID-19 crisis
- Figure 2. Importance of subordinates’ integrity values during the COVID-19 crisis (by gender of respondents)
- Figure 3. Importance of integrity for supervisors during the COVID-19 crisis (by gender of respondents)
- Figure 4. Telling the truth – a summary for the groups of supervisors and subordinates
- Figure 5. Not reaching for someone else’s property – a summary for the groups of supervisors and subordinates
- Figure 6. Performing their duties diligently – overview for the groups of supervisors and subordinates
- Figure 7. Assessing the value of integrity in the group of supervisors, broken down by education fields completed in the first cycle of studies
- Figure 8. Assessing the value of honesty in the group of subordinates broken down by education fields completed at the first cycle of studies
-
- Table 1. Overview of selected definitions
- Table 2. Distribution of respondents by education fields
-
- Aljondi, R., & Alghamdi, S. (2020). Diagnostic Value of Imaging Modalities for COVID-19: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e19673.
- Barends, A. J., de Vries, R. E., & van Vugt, M. (2019). Power influences the expression of Honesty-Humility: The power-exploitation affordances hypothesis. Journal of Research in Personality, 82, 103856.
- Bastian, E. H. (2020). Leadership Responds: From Brutal Honesty To Gentle Hope. NACD Directorship, 34-35.
- Becker, T. E. (1998). Integrity in organizations: Beyond honesty and conscientiousness. Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 154-160.
- Błachnio, A. (2021). Be Happy, Be Honest: The Role of Self-Control, Self-Beliefs, and Satisfaction with Life in Honest Behavior. Journal of Religion and Health, 60, 1015-1028.
- Blanchard, K., & O’Conor, M. (2015). Zarządzanie przez wartości. Jak sprawić, by osobiste wartości pomagały osiągać nadzwyczajne wyniki. Warszawa: MT Biznes. (In Polish).
- Brown, M. E., Trevińo, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117-134.
- Cardona, P., & Garci’a-Lombardi’a, P. (2008). Jak rozwijać kompetencje przywódcze. Kraków: Wydawnictwo M. (In Polish).
- Cekuls, A. (2015). Leadership Values in Transformation of Organizational Culture to Implement Competitive Intelligence Management: the Trust Building Through Organizational Culture. European Integration Studies, 9.
- Cohn, A., Maréchal, A. M., Tannenbaum, D., & Zünd, Ch. L. (2019). Civic honesty around the globe. Science, 365(6448), 70-73.
- Coil, M. (2021, May 6). Leadership Spotlight, What Works for You? (FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin). United States Department of Justice.
- Drucker, P. F. (2008). Myśli przewodnie. Warszawa: MT Biznes. (In Polish).
- DuBrin, A. J. (2000). Przywództwo dla żółtodziobów, czyli wszystko co powinieneś wiedzieć o…. Poznań: Dom Wydawniczy Rebis. (In Polish).
- Encyklopedia. (n.d.). Home Page. (In Polish).
- Ete, Z., Sosik, J. J., Cheong, M., Chun, J. U., Zhu, W., Arenas, F. J., & Scherer, J. A. (2020). Leader honesty/humility and subordinate organizational citizenship behavior: a case of too-much-of-a-good-thing? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 35(5), 391-404.
- Frankel, T. (2006). Trust and Honesty: America’s Business Culture at a Crossroad. Oxford: University Press.
- Gryżenia, K. (2010). Autentyzm a uczciwość. Zgodność czy rozbieżność? Annales. Etyka w życiu gospodarczym, 13(1), 77-86. (In Polish).
- Hannan, R. L., Rankin, F. W., & Towry, K. L. (2006). The Effect of Information Systems on Honesty in Managerial Reporting: A Behavioral Perspective. Contemporary Accounting Research, 23(4), 885-918.
- Huhtala, M., Fadjukoff, P., & Kroger, J. (2021). Managers as Moral Leaders: Moral Identity Processes in the Context of Work. Journal of Business Ethics, 172, 639-652.
- Institute of Business Ethics. (n.d.). What is business ethics?
- Iyer, N., & Samociuk, M. (2007). Defraudacja i korupcja. Zapobieganie i wykrywanie. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. (In Polish).
- Karmańska, A., & Obrębska, A. (2021). Świadomość etyczna młodzieży studenckiej w uczelni ekonomicznej. Wyniki sondażu. e-mentor, 1(88), 4-18. (In Polish).
- Kindsiko, E. (2013). (Dis)Honesty in Organizations: Ethical Perspectives. In T. Vissak & M. Vadi (Eds.), (Dis)Honesty in Management. Advanced Series in Management, 10 (pp. 19-35). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- Kirkland, J. C. R., Edwards, B. D., & Flaherty, K. E. (2021). The effect of honest and humble leadership on salesperson customer orientation. Journal of Business Research, 130, 49-58.
- Kolb, R. W. (2008). Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Kopaczyńska-Pieczniak, K. (2016). Zasada uczciwości kupieckiej, jako zasada prawa handlowego. Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 25(1), 161-179. (In Polish).
- Kostera, M., & Śliwa, M. (2012). Zarządzanie w XXI wieku. Jakość, twórczość, kultura. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer business. (In Polish).
- Kozielski, R. (2013). Biznes nowych możliwości. Czterolistna koniczyna – nowy paradygmat biznesu. Warszawa: Oficyna Wolters Kluwer business. (In Polish).
- Koźmińska, I., & Olszewska, E. (2018). Z dzieckiem w świat wartości. Warszawa: Prószyński i S-ka. (In Polish).
- Lennick, D., & Kiel, F. (2007). Inteligencja moralna. Jak poprawić wyniki prowadzenia interesów i skutecznie zarządzać. Wrocław: Purana. (In Polish).
- Lewicka-Strzałecka, A. (2018). Prakseologia a etyka: od filozofii praktycznej Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego do dylematów etyki życia gospodarczego. Edukacja filozoficzna, 35, 21-36. (In Polish).
- Lombardi, M., & Yoshihara, N. (2018). Treading a fine line: (Im)possibilities for Nash implementation with partially-honest individuals. Games and Economic Behavior, 111, 203-216.
- Ogunfowora, B. (2014). The impact of ethical leadership within the recruitment context: The roles of organizational reputation, applicant personality, and value congruence. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 528-543.
- Pałgan, I. (2008). Biznesmen wychowawcą? In M. Pierzchalska & I. Pałgan (Eds.), Etyka biznesu. Materiały międzynarodowego sympozjum. Radom: Wyd. Nauk. Instytutu Technologii Eksploatacji – PIB. (In Polish).
- Palmer, R. E. (2010). Przywództwo doskonałe. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer business. (In Polish).
- Petrick, J. A. (2011). Sustaining governance integrity capacity: A strategic opportunity for China-US public administration. Journal of US-China Public Administration, 8(6), 650-663.
- Piper, T. R. (1997). Odnaleziony cel: przywództwo, etyka i odpowiedzialność przedsiębiorstwa. In L.V. Ryan & J. Sójka (Eds.), Etyka biznesu. Z klasyki współczesnej myśli amerykańskiej. Poznań: Wydawnictwo “W drodze”. (In Polish).
- Scott, E. D., & Jehn, K. A. (1999). Ranking rank behaviors: A comprehensive situation-based definition of dishonesty. Business & Society, 38(3), 296-325.
- Skillern, F. L., Jr. (1978). The new definition of dishonesty in financial institution bonds. The Forum, 14, 339-351.
- Słownik Języka Polskiego (SJP). (n.d.). Home Page. (In Polish).
- Sroka, R. (2018). Po co firmie kodeks etyki? W kręgu mitów na temat kodeksów etyki. In Zarządzanie z ludzką twarzą. Personalizm jako narzędzie rozwoju firm, organizacji i instytucji publicznych. Warszawa: Laboratorium Więzi. (In Polish).
- Stachewicz, K. (2014). Aksjologia prawdy i uczciwości. Krótkie wprowadzenie w problematykę. In R. Wiśniewski (Ed.), Prawda i uczciwość w życiu publicznym. Toruń: Towarzystwo Naukowe. (In Polish).
- Vadi, M., & Vissak, T. (2013). The Nature of (Dis)Honesty, Its Impact Factors and Consequences. United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- Wilson, A. T. (2018). Honesty as a Virtue. Metaphilosophy, 49(3), 262-280.
- Zespół Zarządzania Ryzykiem Nadużyć EY. (2020). Czy to moment prawdy dla uczciwego biznesu? Światowe Badanie Uczciwości w Biznesie 2020. [PowerPoint Slides]. (In Polish).