Impact of demographic characteristics of personnel on the quality of employee relationships: The case of Poland
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.01
-
Article InfoVolume 19 2021, Issue #1, pp. 1-12
- Cited by
- 1122 Views
-
529 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This research paper fills a significant gap in the literature in the field of the influence of demographic characteristics of employees on the quality of interpersonal relationships at work (QR). There are no comprehensive research results concerning this problem. The research objective is to describe how selected characteristics of employees (sex, age, education, type of job, and length of service) influence QR. This goal was achieved through the use of survey methods (online, direct and auditory) conducted in 2018 and 2019 on the sample of 1,336 active employees in Poland. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics application. The findings prove that the quality of interpersonal relationships at work is differentiated by sex (men tend to rate the quality of relationships higher as compared to women), age (respondents belonging to younger groups tend to rate the quality of relationships higher as compared to older respondents), education (respondents with higher education tend to rate the quality of relationships higher as compared to less educated respondents), and type of job (managers tend to rate the quality of relationships higher as compared to the blue-collar workers). It was not possible to determine explicit trends in assessing the quality of relationships depending on the term of work. According to obtained results, special attention should be paid to the following categories of staff: women, older, less educated and blue-collar employees.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)M12, D23, J24
-
References38
-
Tables3
-
Figures6
-
- Figure 1. Assessment of the quality of interpersonal relationships at work
- Figure 2. The quality of interpersonal relationships at work vs. a respondent’s sex
- Figure 3. The quality of interpersonal relationships at work vs. a respondent’s age
- Figure 4. The quality of interpersonal relationships at work vs. a respondent’s education
- Figure 5. The quality of interpersonal relationships at work vs. a respondent’s type of job
- Figure 6. The quality of interpersonal relationships at work vs. a respondent’s length of service
-
- Table 1. Selected definitions and approaches to interpersonal relationships at work
- Table 2. Demographic characteristics of the sample
- Table 3. Pearson’s chi-square coefficients for the relationship between the quality of interpersonal relationships at work and analyzed demographic variables
-
- Atrek, B., Marcone, M. R., Gregori, G. L., Temperini, V., & Moscatelli, L. (2014). Relationship Quality in Supply Chain Management: A Dyad Perspective. Ege Academic Review, 14(3), 371-381.
- Belás, J., Bartoš, P., Ključnikov, A., & Doležal, J. (2015). Risk perception differences between micro-, small and medium enterprises. Journal of International Studies, 8(3), 20-30.
- Bowler, M., & Brass, D. J. (2006). Relationship Correlates of Interpersonal Citizenship Behavior: A Social Network Perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), 70-82.
- Carmeli, A. (2009). Positive Work Relationships, Vitality, and Job Performance. In Ashkanasy, N., Zerbe, W. J., Härtel, C. E. J. (Eds.). Research on Emotions in Organizations: The Effect of Affect in Organizational Settings. Emerald Group, UK.
- Carmeli, A., Brueller, D., & Dutton, J. E. (2009). Learning Behaviours in the Workplace: The Role of High-quality Interpersonal Relationships and Psychological Safety. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 26(1), 81-98.
- Carmeli, A., & Gittel, J. H. (2009). High-quality relationships, psychological safety, and learning from failures in work organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(6), 709-729.
- Gabarro, J. J. (1990). The Development of Working Relationships. In Intellectual Teamwork. Social and Technological Foundations Cooperative Work. In Galegher, J., Kraut, R.E., Egido, C. (Eds.), Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological foundations of cooperative work. Psychology Press, New York, USA; London, UK.
- Gersick, C. J. G., Bartunek, J. M., & Dutton, J. E. (2000). Learning from Academia: The Importance of Relationships in Professional Life. Academy of Management Journal, 43(6), 1026-1044.
- Glińska-Neweś, A. (2017). Pozytywne relacje interpersonalne w zarządzaniu, Wydawnictwo UMK, Toruń.
- Heaphy, E. D. (2009). Bodily Insights: Three Lenses on Positive Organizational Relationships. In Dutton, J. E., Ragins, B. R. (Eds.), Exploring Positive Relationships at Work. Building a Theoretical and Research Foundation. Psychology Press, East Sussex/New York.
- Hinde, R. A. (1997). Relationships: A Dialectical Perspective, Psychology Press, East Sussex, UK.
- Jehn, K. A., Jonsen, K., & Rispens, S. (2014). Relationships at Work: Intragroup Conflict and the Continuation of Task and Social Relationships in Workgroups. Current Topics in Management, 17, 1-22.
- Jędrzejczak-Gas, J., & Wyrwa, J. (2020). Determinants of job satisfaction in a transport company: a Polish case study. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 15(3), 565-593.
- Kot-Radojewska, M., & Timenko, I. V. (2018). Employee loyalty to the organization in the context of the form of employment. Oeconomia Copernicana, 9(3), 511-527.
- Laschober, T. C., Allen, T. D., & De TormesEby, L. T. (2012). Negative Nonwork Relational Exchanges and Links to Employees’ Work Attitudes, Work Behaviors, and Well-being. In De TormesEby, L.T., Allen, T.D. (Eds.), Personal Relationships. The Effect on Employee Attitudes, Behavior, and Well-being. Taylor & Francis Group, East Sussex, UK; New York, USA.
- LePine, J. A., Methot, J. R., Crawford, E. R., & Buckman, B. R. (2012). A Model of Positive Relationships in Team: The Role of Instrumental, Friendship, and Multiplex Social Network Ties. In Turner de TormesEby L., Allen T. D. (Eds.), Personal Relationships. The Effect on Employee Attitudes, Behavior, and Well-being. Taylor & Francis Group, East Sussex/New York.
- Lenart-Gansiniec, R., & Sułkowski, Ł. (2020). Organizational learning and value creation in local governance: the mediating role of crowdsourcing. The Learning Organization, 27(4), 321-335.
- Lušňáková, Z., Juríčková, Z., Šajbidorová, M., & Lenčéšová, S. (2019). Succession as a sustainability factor of family business in Slovakia. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 14(3), 503-520.
- Mainela, T. (2007). Types and functions of social relationships in the organizing of an international joint venture. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(1), 87-98.
- McCauley, C. D. (2012). Reflection on Integration: Supervisor–Employee Relationships. In De TormesEby, L. T., Allen, T. D (Eds.), Personal Relationships. The Effect on Employee Attitudes, Behavior, and Well-being. Taylor & Francis Group, East Sussex, UK; New York, USA.
- McGinn, K. L. (2009). History, Structure, and Practices: San Pedro Longshoremen in the Face of Change. In Dutton, J. E., Ragins, B. R. (Eds.), Exploring Positive Relationships at Work. Building a Theoretical and Research Foundation. Psychology Press, East Sussex, UK; New York, USA.
- O’Reilly, III, Ch. A., Caldwell, D. F., & Barnett, W. P. (1989). Work Group Demography, Social Integration, and Turnover. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34(1), 21-37.
- Pisar, P., & Bilkova, D. (2019). Controlling as a tool for SME management with an emphasis on innovations in the context of Industry 4.0. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 14(4), 763-785.
- Polyanska, A., Zapukhliak, I., & Diuk, O. (2019). Culture of organization in conditions of changes as an ability of efficient transformations: the case of gas transportation companies in Ukraine. Oeconomia Copernicana, 10(3), 561-580.
- Przytuła, S., Rozkwitalska, M., Chmielecki, M., Sułkowski, Ł., & Basinska, B. A. (2014). Cross-cultural interactions between expatriates and local managers in the light of Positive Organizational Behaviour. Social Sciences, 86(4), 14-24.
- Robak, E. (2017). Expectations of generation Y connected with shaping the work-life balance. The case of Poland. Oeconomia Copernicana, 8(4), 569-584.
- Rzeczpospolita, Lista 500 – Edycja 2016.
- Šafránková, J. M., & Šikýř, M. (2018). Responsibilities and competencies in personnel management at Czech schools. Oeconomia Copernicana, 9(3), 529-543.
- Sherony, K. M., & Green, S. G. (2002). Coworker Exchange: Relationships between Coworkers, Leader-Member Exchange, and Work Attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 542-548.
- Storbacka, K.,Strandvik, T., & Grönroos, C. (1994). Managing Customer Relationships for Profit: The Dynamics of Relationship Quality. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 5(5), 21-38.
- Szostek, D. (2019). Kontrproduktywne zachowania organizacyjne w kontekście jakości relacji interpersonalnych w zespołach pracowniczych. Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK, Toruń.
- Szostek, D., & Glińska-Neweś, A. (2017). Identyfikacja wymiarów jakości relacji interpersonalnych w organizacji. Organizacja i Kierowanie, 3, 11-24.
- Sułkowski, Ł., Przytuła, S., & Migdał, A. M. (2020). Skilled Ukrainian migrants in the Polish emerging economy: implications for knowledge management. European Journal of International Management, 14(5), 796-816.
- Tepper, B. J., & Almeda, M. (2012). Negative Exchanges with Supervisors”. In De TormesEby, L.T., Allen, T.D. (Eds.). Personal Relationships. The Effect on Employee Attitudes, Behavior, and Well-Being. Taylor & Francis Group, East Sussex, UK; New York, USA.
- Tschan, F., Semmer, N., & Inversin, L. (2004). Work Related and “Private” Social Interactions at Work. Social Indicators Research, 67(1-2), 145-182.
- Vasilyeva, T., Lyeonov, S., Adamičková, I., & Bagmet, K. (2018). Institutional Quality of Social Sector: the Essence and Measurements. Economics and Sociology, 11(2), 248-262.
- Vveinhardt, J., & Gulbovaite, E. (2018). Reliability of methodological and psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire of congruence of personal and organizational values. Oeconomia Copernicana, 9(3), 545-571.
- Wprost. Ranking200 Największych Polskich Firm 2017.