Promotion of Ukraine’s export to China: priorities and institutional framework

The increase in the level of money laundering is associated with digitalization and technification of all spheres of society, the globalization of financial markets, the consequences of quarantine measures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the new ways of committing money laundering crimes. The paper aims to identify the peculiarities of anti-money laundering activities in Ukraine and outline approaches to increase the effectiveness of combating money laundering in the country. The current state of the problem of money laundering is analyzed based on the study literary sources, regulatory framework and their discussion in the Ukrainian society. An attempt was made to systematize the factors influencing the increase in the level of money laundering. The consequences of increasing the level of money laundering for Ukraine have been determined: a shortfall in state budget revenues, a decrease in the level of the social sphere financing, reduced living standards of the population. It has been emphasized that there is a need for a comprehensive approach to the problem of money laundering, which will include ongoing training for financial audit specialists, the establishment of special units to investigate money laundering crimes, enshrining the classification of money laundering crimes in regulatory documents and the establishment of criminal liability for their commission.

The extreme volatile behavior of Africa’s output and consumption is strongly related to the extent of exposure to external shocks in its trade earnings. The volatility of export earnings inherent in African economies depicts trade and export structure not diversified, and the need for development managers in easing the over-arching dependence on commodity exports earnings as a major source of budget financing. This study investigates the effect of commodity price volatility on real GDP using a longitudinal data covering fifty-three African commodity-dependent countries for the period 1970–2017. The theoretical framework is premised on the neoclassical growth model, and the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) estimation technique was adopted. The results from the estimation procedure indicate a negative contemporaneous relationship between commodity price volatility and growth. However, the intervention of policy instruments such as contrasting openness degree signals short-run relief for commodity export-dependent economies, as trade policy mitigates the adverse effect of commodity price volatility on growth.

In the modern world, many developing countries take protective measures to develop domestic industries and diversify their economies to ensure economic sustainability. This issue is a priority, especially in those countries where economic development is provided mainly through the export of natural resources. This article aims to assess the impact of protectionist measures on the development of non-resource sectors of the economy. The object of the study is the non-oil sector of the Azerbaijani economy, where oil revenues account for over 80% of the country’s total exports. The study covers the 2005–2019 years. Granger Causality test in the VAR environment was used to identify and assess the causal relationship between protectionist measures and the non-oil sector development. It was revealed that such indicators as “customs revenues” and “exchange rate” do not increase non-oil GDP. The study results suggest that increasing the effectiveness of protectionism (in terms of economic growth) requires more reasonable and consistent regulatory measures. Targeting priority sectors and establishing monitoring mechanisms on the results of protectionist measures is also a priority for assessing their feasibility.