Industrial Revolutions and their impact on managerial practice: Learning from the past
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Author(s)Lucia KohnováLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-3901
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Nikola SalajováLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-7740
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DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(2).2019.36
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Article InfoVolume 17 2019, Issue #2, pp. 462-478
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Funding dataFunder name: Agentúra na podporu výskumu a vývojaFunder identifier: APVVAward numbers: APVV-17-0656
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Technological changes that come with industrial revolution have largely affected businesses, as well as society. With the current technological shift and Fourth Industrial Revolution, many questions arise regarding the impacts and effects on current ways businesses operate. This study presents a retrospective analysis and overview of previous industrial revolutions. The aim of the retrospective analysis is to identify common characteristics that may lead to lessons learned for the forthcoming Fourth Industrial Revolution and thus complement the current debate on technological change. All previous industrial revolutions have led to change in business environments and new challenges for managers and owners. The findings show that all previous revolutions have led to increase in the number of service jobs created. The key approach of successful countries during the times of industrial revolution has included education as the source of new skills and knowledge necessary for adaption. Countries that were able to produce high skilled people could not only invent, but also adapt to new technologies sooner than others. Similarly, these approaches included introduction of new managerial practices in order to be able to utilize new technologies and new skilled workers effectively. The research article processes secondary data together with literature review on this topic.
- Keywords
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JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)O14, O32, N1
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References62
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Tables2
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Figures14
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- Figure 1. Demand for occupations in 1850–2010, US
- Figure 2. Demand for factory workers
- Figure 3. Demand for secretaries
- Figure 4. Demand for professors
- Figure 5. Demand for health care workers
- Figure 6. Demand for engineers
- Figure 7. Demand for blacksmith
- Figure 8. Employment share change in 1850–2015, US
- Figure 9. Relation between number of steam engines per person and unskilled workers in Britain
- Figure 10. Share of high-skilled employment in total employment per sector, 2002
- Figure 11. Employment shares by occupational skill level, 1986 and 2006
- Figure 12. Employment trends by level of qualification, 2000–2020
- Figure 13. Which jobs require social skills? Change in share of jobs, 1980–2012
- Figure 14. Technology adoption in US households
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- Table 1. Actual and projected supply of workers, aged 25+ by educational attainment
- Table 2. The evolution of learning
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Influence of employee-manager relationship on employee performance and productivity
Nosipho Pearl Dlamini ,
Sachin Suknunan ,
Anrusha Bhana 
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(3).2022.03
Problems and Perspectives in Management Volume 20, 2022 Issue #3 pp. 28-42 Views: 3220 Downloads: 683 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯOrganizational performance can be seen as dependent on employee job performance and productivity. One of the factors that influence employee job performance and productivity is the working relationship between employees and their managers. This paper examines the influence of the relationship between employees and their managers on enhancing employee performance and productivity. The study was conducted in a financial organization based in Durban (South Africa). A quantitative approach was utilized with a census method targeting a total population of 40 administrative employees. A questionnaire was constructed based on the research aims and was administered to all 40 respondents. As a result, the response rate was 65%. Key findings indicated that the relationship between managers and employees did affect employee performance and productivity. A positive relationship with a manager is closely linked to increased motivation and performance, while a negative relationship is linked with poor performance. An overall negative impact and high level of dissatisfaction amongst employees were found due to the current bureaucratic management style that managers adopt in their organization. Thus, it makes employees less productive and decreases their work performance. Furthermore, it was found that employees’ perception of their relationship with managers plays a significant role in predicting job performance. Recommendations for a better working relationship to promote employee performance and productivity include manager-employee training, team building activities, skills development programs for managers, employee rewards and recognition, increased communication platforms, and more consideration for employee well-being.
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Transformational leadership for organizational change in the Lebanese public sector
Bissane Harb ,
Dina Sidani
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(2).2019.15
Problems and Perspectives in Management Volume 17, 2019 Issue #2 pp. 205-216 Views: 2646 Downloads: 1226 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThe public sector is facing multiple changes. In a constantly changing environment, that is more and more demanding in terms of innovation and performance, the concept of leadership is of particular importance, as it is one of the few tools available to public managers.
Based on the transformational leadership theory, the aim of this study is to explore how transformational leadership characteristics influence organizational change within the public sector in Lebanon. To serve this purpose, a qualitative approach is adopted based on a series of semi-focused interviews conducted with ten public managers running 10 public administrations. These administrations have undergone significant changes over the past five years.
The results point out the importance of transformational behaviors adopted by public managers in leading change within the public sector in Lebanon, despite the multiple obstacles. They confirmed the role of two transformational dimensions related to idealized influence and inspirational motivation in the successful implementation of organizational change. This study contributes to better understanding of the role of transformational leadership in promoting change in the public sector. -
Waste management policy and employment: the case of France
Environmental Economics Volume 9, 2018 Issue #1 pp. 38-46 Views: 2322 Downloads: 287 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThis paper examines whether a causal relationship exists between waste tonnage and employment when the waste collection is entrusted to a private operator in France (i.e. waste management policy by delegation of service). The empirical investigation is based on weekly data for four waste streams for the period from January 2015 to June 2017. Using nonstationary time series techniques including cointegration, VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) and long-run causality test of Toda and Yamamoto (1995) within a bivariate framework, the results demonstrate potential causal negative relationship between waste tonnage and employment. For three waste streams (i.e. household waste, outdoor garbage waste and miscellaneous waste), the results suggest that waste management practices that aim at entrusting the collection and treatment to a private operator (i.e. waste management by delegation of service) are not economically beneficial to society, because this policy does not favor environmental jobs creation. The paper calls for the adoption of other waste management practices to preserve employment in the waste collection sector.
