Impact of banking functions on online investment intention in India: Examining the mediating role of service experience

This study aims to examine the relationship between financial inclusion indicators and bank performance in Palestine. The study population and its sample include all 15 banks operating in Palestine and cover the period 2006 to 2016 with panel data from 162 observations. To interpreter the variables, the study uses the volume of loans to SMEs (usage), banking penetration, number of ATMs and branches (access), and online banking, the latter if it is a dummy variable. Further, the study uses operational profits, total revenues and ROE as bank performance indicators and dependent variables. Using empirical analysis, the results indicated that banking penetration tools, branching and ATMs, could enhance bank performance. Despite the decline in lending to SMEs, this factor could positively improve the performance of banks in Palestine. In general, financial inclusion helps banks improve their performance and increase their revenues. This study recommends that government organizations can use the obtained results to formulate their strategies and agendas for improving financial inclusion in Palestine and other developing countries.

Acknowledgment
The author is thankful to Bo Liu and Azzam Hanoon for their comments and suggestions to improve this paper. The author discloses that funding for the writing of this paper comes from the TAAWON research fund.

This paper proposes a new model of measuring a latent variable, stock market manipulation. The model bears close resemblance with the literature on economic well-being. It interprets the manipulation of a stock as a latent variable, in the form of a multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model. This approach exploits systematic relations between various indicators of manipulation and between manipulation and multiple causes, which allows it to identify the determinants of manipulation and an index of manipulation simultaneously. The main reason of stock market manipulation comes from the fact that information availability is not universally equal. The manipulation is thus critically linked to the creation, arrival and dissemination of information or rumors/mis-information. Thus, the immediate impact of manipulation is on the time profile of returns, or excess returns, from an asset and the excess volatility of returns in excess of the volatility explained by the fundamentals. In this basic setup, the model used these two variables as the indicators of stock market manipulation. The main intuition of the MIMIC approach is that some variables, or statistics, related to peace are indicators of manipulation, while others signify effects or outputs of causal factors, or inputs, of manipulation. In other words, distinction can be made between causes of manipulation and indicators of manipulation. The causal factors used in this model are classified into five different domains namely pure economic factors as determinants of manipulation, labor market conditions, international factors, quality of governance factors and systematic risk factors.

Financial management behavior is an implementation action of planning and managing a person’s financial resources, both in consumption and investment activities, which can show a person’s characteristics in financial management based on the risks that arise so that each needs good control. This study aims to determine the impact of financial literacy and financial attitude on financial management behavior, mediated by the behavioral intentions of university students. The participants in this study are undergraduate students currently enrolled at prestigious private universities in Medan (North Sumatra, Indonesia). This study’s population and sample consisted of students from the Faculty of Economics and Business at Private Universities in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Purposive and snowball sampling were used with data collection techniques, namely online questionnaires. The Likert scale measures indicators in responses to statements and questions. There were 150 respondents for this study’s data collection. The findings of the study indicate that financial literacy influences financial management behavior and behavioral intentions (p < 0.05). Financial attitude affects financial management behavior (p < 0.05), financial attitude does not affect behavioral intentions (p > 0.05), and behavioral intention affects Financial Management Behavior (p < 0.05). Behavioral intentions do not mediate the effect of financial literacy on Financial Management Behavior (p > 0.05), and the effect of financial attitudes on Financial Management Behavior is not mediated by behavioral intentions (p > 0.05).

Acknowledgments
This study is supported by all levels of management at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara for funding Fundamental research in 2022 and thanks also to the ranks of the Institute of Research and Community Service (LPPM) Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.