Public funding of social protection: Impact on social indicators in Eurozone countries

In the context of transition to the sustainable development actually justified and economically balanced managerial decisions are worth to be introduced into activity of the business entities. First of all, it is connected with the formation of the social standards by the Ukrainian government. Establishment of the minimum salary for the employees of the national economic complex of the country is one of the main components of these standards. This indicator influences both the increase of the population’s social welfare provision level and on the economy of the economic entities, including business representatives. Research was conducted in Ukraine. The main trends of the social welfare provision of the business sector entities, including the experience of Hungary and Russia, were analyzed in this article. The main rules of the effective social welfare provision, accounting the necessities of the business environment, were formed. Economical analysis of the retrospective and predictive information about the payroll payment and payment of social contributions was made. The influence of the increase of the minimum salary on the activity of business entities, taking into account raised minimum salary, was analyzed. The regressive model of the payroll budget dependence, accounting minimum salary and social contributions’ level increase, was designed. Obtained calculation results showed high level of tax burden on the business sector entities, so, organization-economic measures of tax burden decrease on the business entities were offered. They took into account minimum salary growth for their employees in the context of the transition to the sustainable development. Recommendations concerning the further scientific researches on the topic of the article were offered.

In spite of the large number of normative and legal documents dealing with gender issues, a problem of ensuring equal rights of men and women does still exist in Ukraine. The article is mainly devoted to the gender inequality of payment for labor. The purpose of the study is to highlight the peculiarities of gender asymmetry of payment for labor, to outline directions for reducing it, and to make proposals on achieving gender equality of payment for labor. The labor market analysis in 2013-2017 showed that gender gap of payment for labor depends on the type of economic activity. The study also found the largest gender-based payment gap in the highest legislative body, the Ukrainian parliament, due to the small number of women in its composition, which in some way affects all social sectors. In conclusion, a number of gender differentiation features in payment for labor were singled out. The authors had proposed ways to overcome the gender gap and suggested appropriate measures to be taken. It is necessary to establish gender quotas in the parliament and to impose fines for their non-compliance, a similar proposal applies to senior positions of state institutions. There is also a need to inform society about the topic under study, to develop programs for women in rural areas, and to introduce indicators of gender inequality in enterprise reporting.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive assessment and improvement of the level of regional development on the basis of determining the effectiveness of the mechanism of sustainable development of the region, developing methodical principles for the formation of regional and local strategies for ensuring sustainable development.
The purpose is to substantiate the methodology and means of integral assessment to implement the principle of equalization of sustainable development of regions in the aspect of information and innovation support by means of theories of social development, systems, clustering of the economy and economic information theory.
A methodological approach was proposed for assessing the level and trends of sustainable development of the region, based on the analysis of declarations, program and final documents of UN conferences on economic, social and environmental issues. The approach is based on the use of an integral index whose evaluation and analysis results can be used to solve problems and are implemented in the process of making sound management decisions. This approach made it possible to formulate, by means of factor analysis, a refined system of indicators that characterize economic, social and environmental sustainability parameters.
The typical groups of industrial regions of Ukraine were identified and the level of socio-ecological and economic development was assessed. This made it possible, based on the procedures for reducing the dimension and constructing generalized indicators, to calculate the rating for each calculated integral indicator as a generalized estimate. The calculations that have been carried out make it possible to determine the trends of sustainable development of individual regions on the factors of development and to justify promising directions for effective growth and negative trends, which require the greatest attention from the state authorities and local self-government bodies.