Are capitalized R&D and expensed R&D costs “sticky”? Korean evidence

As it is known, Kosovo is a newly established and developing country. Naturally, creative accounting practices in Kosovo are becoming more frequent due to gaps and weaknesses in management and audit quality. This study aims to examine the relationship between creative accounting and corporate performance and management, as well as the impact of managers’ ethics including audit period on financial reporting and creative accounting limitation. The study adopted a survey-based approach. The questionnaires were distributed among 159 managers, auditors, and head accountants. Linear regression was used to analyze the hypotheses. The research results confirmed the rejection of the first hypothesis, as the mean is less than 3 (the average on a five-point Likert scale). The results confirmed that creative accounting has a significant impact on corporate performance. The results also confirmed the second hypothesis as the mean is greater than 3.5 (the average on a five-point Likert scale). Thus, managers’ ethics have a significant effect on the reliability of financial statements. In addition, the research results confirmed the acceptance of the third hypothesis, as the mean is greater than 3 (the average on a five-point Likert scale), thus there is a positive influence of the audit period on creative accounting limitation. The study found a negative impact of creative accounting on corporate performance. Furthermore, a significant effect of managers’ ethics on financial statements’ reliability was concluded; and finally, the findings concluded that audit period and quality could significantly contribute to the creative accounting limitation.

The focus of the research is to develop recommendations of smart specialization (SS) for Ukrainian policymakers using European approaches. The authors revealed that the main SS projects are presented in such sectors as agri-food, industrial modernization and energy. More than 12 EU countries were the plot for conducted analysis of SS, as a result of which the level of activity of each country was determined. The creation of consortiums, including SMEs, associations, universities and other participants, disclosed the successful way of SS realization. The structure of SME’s innovative potential in Ukraine was identified underlining their main characteristic features like types of innovations and innovative activity, differentiation according to enterprise size, their regional distribution. The authors explored lack of innovations on regional and national level and significant territorial disparities, which could be eliminated through policy implementation of regional SS. The existing legislative norms for possibility of SS implementation in Ukraine were analyzed due to correspondence with the EU ones. The analysis provides the opportunity to consider them only as general framework documents without any action plans and sectoral prioritization at all. The weak points of these law documents are emphasized. As a result of research, the authors developed recommendations presented by direct action plan for Ukrainian policymakers, which include such activities as underlining key priorities (especially ICT applicability in every SS project) and their correspondence with the EU ones; eliminating regional imbalances by focusing on innovation development and reorientation of some regions according to SS priorities; respecting regional existing capacities; providing organizational mechanism for cooperation of stakeholders and financial mechanism for SS support through the EU structural funds.

Due to the rapid growth of the market of scientific and technical products and the high level of competition, market appropriate solution becomes finding ways to commercialization of research products. The article substantiates the need for accelerated modernization of the Kazakh economy based on increasing the effectiveness of scientific research and introduction into industrial production of research results while diversifying the ways of commercializing R&D results. In this article, the authors analyze the current state of Kazakh science. As a result of the research, a new mechanism for multi-criteria selection of promising R&D results of scientific organizations has been proposed and a system of organizational and economic support for their commercialization has been substantiated. The results will be useful in the practical activities of both scientific and industrial organizations.