Fintech platforms in SME’s financing: EU experience and ways of their application in Ukraine

Over the last five years, Ukraine suffers from armed conflicts that cause substantial losses in the state budget. In this context, shaping the prospects and developing measures for the post-conflict reconstruction of the state and its economy is an important problem. The very possibility and the effectiveness of such measures will depend on the country's financial potential as well as on the financial strength of its entities. This potential is dynamic and influenced by information technology, without which any institution cannot go.
Given the particular significance of the financial potential IT-transformation, the role of digital forms of money, crowdfunding and initial coin offering (ICO) was identified. It is substantiated that while overcoming the consequences of military conflicts, their implementation facilitates the attraction and acceleration of the financial resources movement. By generalizing the developments and practical experience of Ukrainian fintech-companies, the principles of such developments application for assessing the external financial environment of economic entities and conducting financial analysis have been shaped.

Sharia fintech lending grew up at the teenage stage and has successfully taken a strategic place in the Indonesian loan market. Adopting the economics of information and signaling theory, this paper investigates the probability of successful crowdfunding. Using cross-section data, this study analyzes 1,153 funded projects on Ammana.id platform, a well-known Indonesia’s sharia P2P lending. This study runs OLS regressions to examine the effect of loan information (ranking, estimated profit shares, and financing duration) on the amount of crowded funding. This finding support both theories, that the information about the loan is a signal in determining the success of project funding. Ranking and duration of financing significantly affect the success of the P2P sharia lending platform, nevertheless profit share estimation is not significant. Loans that operated in short, tend to raise more funding, and vice versa. Loan ranking can provide the lender with instant information about the borrowers’ condition. Lenders tend to avoid low rankings loans due to the potential failure of loan payments. This study also found a surprising result that the coefficient of profit sharing is positive for Islamic funding but insignificant. This result shows that material gain is not the main issue for investors, but the elements of trust and justice are nobler according to Islamic beliefs. This study proves that loan information as a low-cost signal can be used by investors to make the best decision and reduce adverse selection problems. The findings support the strategic growth of Islamic platforms to build a sustainable Islamic investment and maintain financial stability.

Acknowledgments
Appreciation is given to the General Directorate of Higher Education, Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, and the Institute for Research and Community Service of Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama (Unisnu) Jepara, Indonesia.

The level of insured losses from natural and man-made disasters occurred in the world from 2012 to 2016 did not exceed 30-45%. Therefore, it is necessary to study another perspective source of financing losses refunding from natural and man-made disasters. The objective of this research is to consider financing losses from natural and man-made disasters by use of crowdfunding, especially in emerging countries. It was defined that the most appropriate model of crowdfunding for financing losses from natural and man-made disasters is donation model with reward-based and donation-based business models. Stimulus for individuals to take part in crowdfunding for financing losses from natural and man-made disasters can be different depending on their location and business model. Sets of assessments based on four categories of questions and method of results visualization were used to examine a country’s readiness for crowdfunding on the example of Ukraine. Complete level of Ukraine’s readiness for crowdfunding was defined. It shows that reward-based crowdfunding is the first stage towards crowdfunding implementation and development. Further research should be done to investigate the mechanism of using a tax discount in case of implementation of the reward-based crowdfunding for financing losses from natural and man-made disasters.