The long-term relationship between enterprise risk management and bank performance: the missing link in Nigeria

The current research aims to explore the impact of corporate governance on the Saudi banking performance for the period of 2014–2017. Though many researchers tested the relationship of corporate governance and firm performance, globally as well as in Saudi Arabia, however, during the literature review, it was found that many excluded the banking industry. This study tries to fill the gap by looking exclusively at the Saudi banking industry. Firm performance is measured through return on assets, return on equity, and Tobin’s Q as the dependent variables. The corporate governance practices are measured through the board characteristics (size, meeting, number of committees, independence, foreign board membership), and an audit committee (size, meeting, independence) as the independent variables. Firm size and firm age are the controls. Panel data analysis was implemented, using both descriptive and multivariate analysis through multiple regression to investigate the governance practices and firm performance. The empirical findings demonstrate that board size, audit committee meeting and bank size have a positive impact on ROE, whereas board independence has a negative impact on ROE. Similarly, board size and bank size have a positive relationship with ROA and board meeting has a negative relationship with ROA. Further, board (size and independence) and bank size have a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q, whereas number of board committees and bank age have a negative relationship with Tobin’s Q. Finally, audit committee (size and independence) and foreign board membership have no impact on the bank performance.

This study investigates how the implementation of Enterprise Risk Management program affects the performance of firms using an Enterprise Risk Management model for the banking sector and an integrated model for measuring Enterprise Risk Management index used in the study by Mukhtar and Soliman (2016). Ten listed commercial banks were selected with the Enterprise Risk Management index as the main independent variable, with Return on Average Equity (ROAE), Share Price Return (SPR) and Firm Value (FV) used as three separate dependent variables. The study provides strong evidence of a positive relationship between Enterprise Risk Management implementation and performance in the Nigerian banking sector. The findings and conclusions of this study are consistent with those of other studies that used data from different industries, providing a basis from which to generalize the findings from this study to firms in other industries.

This article investigates the effect of firm size on the performance of Vietnamese private enterprises. Based on the data from the Annual Enterprise Survey from 2009 to 2018, this study uses an ordinary least-squares regression model (OLS) to point out the effects of firm size (growth rate, total assets, and total labor) on the performance of Vietnamese private enterprises in both static and dynamic states. According to the results of the quantitative model, total assets are the biggest factor for determining firm performance, followed by total labor and growth rate. The results highlight the issue in Vietnamese private enterprises development in terms of scale, despite the fact that their number is growing, as the scale of enterprises decreases (the proportion of micro and small enterprises increases, but the proportion of medium and big enterprises decreases). Besides, the disadvantages of scale also negatively affect the development process of Vietnamese private enterprises, including accessing capital, increase in production or productivity, business expansion, and improving competitiveness.

Acknowledgments
This research is supported by the National Science Project “Development of Private Enterprises in the Southwest Region in the new context” (KHCN-TNB/14-19/X15).