Prem Bahadur Budhathoki

Organizations must cope with the current business demands and strive for a competitive advantage. Apart from many measures to enhance competitive advantage, employees’ innovative work behavior is instrumental. Hence, this study aims to measure the contribution of person-environment fit (person-job fit and person-organization fit) on innovative work behavior directly and indirectly through creating work engagement. Cross-sectional perceptual data were collected through surveys from the employees working in humanitarian non-profit organizations in Nepal. After ensuring the goodness of fit index, 499 responses were analyzed in the structural equation model showing path analysis with the help of AMOS. The conservation of resource theory was a foundation to test and analyze the hypotheses adopting positivist research philosophy and deductive reasoning approach. Regression analysis revealed a positive effect of person-job fit (B = .23, p < .001) and person-organization fit (B = .20, p < .001) on employees’ innovative work behavior. Work engagement mediated the influence of person-job fit and person-organization fit on innovative work behavior. Out of the total effect size of employees’ compatibility on innovative work behavior, 30% effect size of person-job fit and 23% effect size of person-organizational fit on innovative work behavior went through work engagement.

The impact of gender participation on the maturity of crossed-due loans is observed in this study. Furthermore, the associations between maturity of crossed-due loans, their number, and loan issued on physical collateral and collective bail are also monitored using the unbalanced panel data of thirty microfinance companies. The study investigates the short- and long-term link between response and predictor variables. It is founded on an exploratory and descriptive research design. The Hausman test, fixed effect or LSDV model, Pedroni and Kao co-integration test are used to observe the relation and impact. The maturity crossed due loan number, total loan amount, loan issued against physical collateral, and loan allocated on collective bail are jointly significant to determine the maturity of crossed due loan amount of microfinance companies of Nepal. It is found that women are more conscientious in repaying loans on time compared to male borrowers. Per rupee 0.382 rupees, a maturity crossed due loan is found in microfinance companies where only women can borrow, but per rupee 0.404 rupees, a time crossed due loan is found where men and women can borrow. Policymakers of banks are not necessarily hesitant to provide loans to female borrowers.

Employees cannot benefit more from formal and legal relationships alone, and a framework for addressing their psychological aspects at the workplace is essential. Therefore, this study aims to gauge the direct effect of psychological contract breaches on employee withdrawal behaviors and ownerships and the mediating role of ownerships in the relationship between psychological contract breaches and withdrawal behaviors in Nepal. This study adopted the cross-sectional survey to gather the perceptional data on a 5-point Likert scale from the 701 staff members working in the Nepali travel and tourism business. The hypotheses were tested via the positivist research philosophy and deductive reasoning approach aligning with the social exchange and equity theories. The study used structural equation modeling for data screening and analysis. The current study revealed a positive impact of psychological contract breach on predicting psychological-withdrawal behavior (B = .22, p < .001) and physical-withdrawal behavior (B = .18, p < .001) and a negative impact of psychological contract breach on job-based ownership (B = –.15, p < .001) and organization-based ownership (B = –.19, p < .001). Job-based ownership mediated the relationship between psychological contract breach and psychological-withdrawal behavior (B = .08, p < .001) and between psychological contract breach and physical-withdrawal behavior (B = .06, p < .001). Finally, organization-based ownership mediated the relationship between psychological contract breach and psychological-withdrawal behavior (B = .02, p < .01) and between psychological contract breach and physical-withdrawal behavior (B = .05, p < .001).

This study aims to investigate the relationship between Nepal’s industrial sector output, economic expansion, and CO₂ emissions. The analysis uses secondary data from various World Bank reports and covers the period from 1990 to 2022. It is founded on an exploratory and analytical research design. The relationship and effect of Nepal’s GDP and manufacturing output on CO₂ emissions are investigated using various statistical and econometric tools, including descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, unit root testing, Granger causality test, Johansen co-integration test, and autoregressive regression model. The results show that the production of the industrial sector and CO₂ emissions are highly positively correlated, as is GDP. The GDP granger causes CO₂ emissions, but manufacturing output does not. Johansen’s co-integration test shows a long-term relationship between predictor and response variables. The previous value of CO₂ emission is also responsible for the present level of carbon emissions: a one percent increase in GDP leads to a 0.314 percent increase in CO₂ emissions in Nepal. The impact of industrial sector output is statistically insignificant. The condition of GDP and CO₂ emissions shows the initial phase of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The study recommends adopting an environment-friendly production technique to overcome the problem of carbon emissions in Nepal.

Employees’ job satisfaction is a leading factor in determining their organizational commitment. The organizational commitment level affects the employees’ decision to leave or remain in their organization. The banking sector of Nepal has been facing a problem of high employee mobility from one bank to another. In the backdrop of this context, this survey intends to examine the effect of satisfaction with colleagues, promotion, and the nature of work on the three dimensions of organizational commitment using the Ordinary Least Squares model in the context of private bank employees in Nepal. This study used a survey method to collect data from 199 employees working in private banks in Nepal, using a standardized questionnaire. The collected data were coded, entered, and processed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. The outcomes of the study – satisfaction with the colleagues, promotion, and the nature of the work – had a significant positive impact on the affective and normative commitment of the employees, but the regressors had an insignificant effect on continuance commitment. The employees’ satisfaction from their colleagues, promotion, and the nature of work positively improves their affective and normative commitment. Nevertheless, this study found the predictor variables as irrelevant factors for explaining the continuance commitment of the employees in the context of the study. This study’s contribution is the idea of how satisfaction with colleagues, promotion, and work nature contribute to the three dimensions of organizational commitment among Nepalese private bank employees.

This study aims to examine the impact of foreign trade and foreign direct investment on Nepal’s long-term economic growth. It uses secondary data from 1989/90 to 2021/22 collected from various economic surveys of the Ministry of Finance of Nepal. Descriptive and explanatory research designs are used in this study. The trace, max-eigen tests, and fully modified least square methods search the long-run co-integration and impact between response and predictor variables. Trace and max-eigen tests consistently point toward the long-run co-integration between dependent (gross domestic product) and independent (import, export, total trade, and foreign direct investment) variables. Exports and imports are found to be negative and statistically significant to explain Nepal’s economic growth. One unit increase in exports results in a 0.748 unit decrease in Nepal’s economic growth. Similarly, total trade volume and foreign direct investment positively impact economic growth. Each unit increase in foreign direct investment results in a 0.0036 unit increase in GDP in Nepal. Foreign trade has a multiplier effect on Nepal’s GDP growth. The 76.35 percent variation in economic growth depends upon total foreign trade volume, exports, imports, and foreign direct investment. To promote sustainable economic growth, policymakers should prioritize policies encouraging increased total foreign trade and foreign direct investment while carefully managing the potential negative impact of excessive reliance on import dynamics.

Most developed and emerging economies pay substantial attention to liquidity to understand stock return behavior. However, there is a need for more focus on understanding the impact of such factors on stock returns in developing countries such as Nepal. This study aims to examine the effect of liquidity, size, financial and asset risk, growth potential, and profitability on stock returns in Nepalese commercial banks. A pooled ordinary least squares regression model is utilized, employing data from the Central Bank of Nepal and the Nepal Stock Exchange. There are 249 observations in the data set, which covers the period from 2009/10 to 2019/20. The model considers the impact of trading volume, market capitalization, book-to-market ratio, asset growth, and return on asset on stock returns in Nepalese commercial banks. The results indicate that trading volume, a proxy of liquidity, positively affects stock returns in Nepalese commercial banks. The finding reveals that when other variables are held constant, a 0.288 percent increase in stock returns is expected for a one percent rise in trading volume. However, asset growth and return on assets show a weakly favorable link with stock returns in Nepal. Conversely, the research findings suggest an insignificant inverse correlation between book-to-market and stock returns. A decrease in stock returns of 0.307 percent is expected for a one percent increase in the book-to-market ratio. Similarly, market capitalization has a negligible effect on stock returns in Nepal.