Impact of transformational and laissez-faire leadership styles on performance, job satisfaction, and turnover intention: A case study of educational organizations in Chile

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Employee turnover has emerged as a growing and complex challenge, particularly among young workers with higher expectations and a greater propensity to change jobs. Certainly, leadership plays a pivotal role in addressing these challenges. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the effects of transformational and laissez-faire leadership styles on job satisfaction, turnover intention, and employee performance within public educational organizations in Chile. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed, utilizing a sample of 221 teachers from Antofagasta, Chile. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using R Studio for descriptive statistics and SmartPLS software for hypotheses testing. For a sample of teachers, composed primarily of females (66%) and millennials (59%), the results show that teachers recognize more attributes of transformational (3.9 on a scale of 1 to 5) than laissez-faire leadership (2.1 on a scale of 1 to 5) in their principals. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction (β = 0.774, p < 0.001), with job satisfaction playing a key role in reducing teachers’ turnover intention (β = –0.451, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant negative association was identified between teachers’ age and turnover intention. Likewise, a positive relationship was found between teachers’ age and job satisfaction. In contrast, laissez-faire leadership was significantly and positively associated with turnover intention (β = 0.233, p < 0.05).

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    • Table 1. Sample characterization and descriptive statistics
    • Table 2. Correlations
    • Table 3. Reliability and convergent validity
    • Table 4. Discriminant validity
    • Table 5. Hypotheses testing
    • Conceptualization
      Ignacio Lopez, Cristian Delgado-Bello, Ivan Veas-Gonzalez, Mario Villar
    • Formal Analysis
      Ignacio Lopez
    • Investigation
      Ignacio Lopez
    • Project administration
      Ignacio Lopez
    • Writing – original draft
      Ignacio Lopez, Cristian Delgado-Bello, Ivan Veas-Gonzalez, Mario Villar
    • Writing – review & editing
      Ignacio Lopez, Cristian Delgado-Bello, Ivan Veas-Gonzalez, Mario Villar
    • Data curation
      Cristian Delgado-Bello
    • Resources
      Cristian Delgado-Bello
    • Supervision
      Cristian Delgado-Bello
    • Validation
      Cristian Delgado-Bello
    • Methodology
      Ivan Veas-Gonzalez
    • Software
      Ivan Veas-Gonzalez
    • Visualization
      Mario Villar