Factors affecting bridge employment behavior: Surveying Chinese older adults as anchors in social media
-
Received August 1, 2024;Accepted September 27, 2024;Published October 24, 2024
-
Author(s)Lingzhi Liu ,Link to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1221-5909Link to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7619-8605
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(4).2024.09
-
Article InfoVolume 22 2024, Issue #4, pp. 108-124
- TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯ
- 64 Views
-
6 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Social media has brought new opportunities to bridge employment and has become an essential channel for addressing the issue of an aging society. This study aims to explore the factors influencing bridge employment behavior among older adults on social media platforms. This analysis collected 757 older adults from China who continue to work as anchors in social media after retiring. Data collection was conducted over ten days via structured questionnaires divided into eight sections. Furthermore, this study conducts structural equation modeling (SEM) to process the data. The results indicate that social capital (beta = 0.183, p = 0.004) and bridge employment policies (beta = 0.123, p = 0.031) have a significant positive impact on intention to bridge employment. Subjective norms (beta = 0.197, p < 0.001), attitudes (beta = 0.204, p < 0.001), and perceived behavioral control (beta= 0.147, p = 0.004) also positively and significantly influence intention to bridge employment. Subjective norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control serve as crucial mediators in the relationship between social capital, bridge employment policies, and intention to bridge employment. Finally, intention (beta = 0.480, p = 0.001) is a strong predictor of bridge employment behavior and acts as a mediator within the model. The findings suggest that enhancing social capital and well-structured employment policies can significantly influence older adults’ acceptance and sustained participation in bridge employment on social media platforms.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)J14, J22, J26, C31, L86
-
References36
-
Tables9
-
Figures2
-
- Figure 1. Empirical framework
- Figure 2. SmartPLS output of SEM
-
- Table 1. Demographics
- Table 2. Reliability statistics
- Table 3. KMO and Bartlett’s test
- Table 4. Convergence validity
- Table 5. Discriminant validity test
- Table 6. Reliability statistics
- Table 7. Structural equation model
- Table 8. Bootstrap test of mediation effect
- Table A1. Measurement scale
-
- Auguste, D., Roll, S., & Despard, M. (2023). The precarity of self-employment among low- and moderate-income households. Social Forces, 101(3), 1081-1115.
- Bartlett, M. S. (1950). Periodogram analysis and continuous spectra. Biometrika, 37(1/2), 1-16.
- Boubker, O., Douayri, K., & Ouajdouni, A. (2021). Factors affecting intention to adopt Islamic financing: Evidence from Morocco. MethodsX, 8, Article 101523.
- Dahiyat, S. E., Khasawneh, S. M., Bontis, N., & Al-Dahiyat, M. (2023). Intellectual capital stocks and flows: Examining the mediating roles of social capital and knowledge transfer. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 53(1), 11-42.
- Dhir, A., Talwar, S., Raj, S., Sampat, B., & Nicolau, J. L. (2024). A time-lagged examination of voluntary and task-related green behavior in the travel industry. Journal of Travel Research.
- Farooq, M. S., Salam, M., Fayolle, A., Jaafar, N., & Ayupp, K. (2018). Impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in Malaysia airlines: A PLS-SEM approach. Journal of Air Transport Management, 67, 169-180.
- Feng, Y., Chin, Y. W., & Boo, H. S. (2024). A comprehensive analysis of internal and external factors influencing the reemployment of elite older workers in Hebei, China. Journal of Population Ageing, 17(2), 389-409.
- Gambetti, R. C., & Biraghi, S. (2023). Branded activism: Navigating the tension between culture and market in social media. Futures, 145, Article 103080.
- Growiec, K. (2023). Social network dynamics in the context of age: An empirical investigation. Social Indicators Research, 170(2), 675-711.
- Hoogendoorn, B., O’Hagan-Luff, M., Ramezani, S., & van Stel, A. (2024). Does self-employment provide a bridge to retirement? Cambridge Journal of Economics, 48(4), 767-784.
- Hoyos Muñoz, J. A., & Cardona Valencia, D. (2023). Trends and challenges of digital divide and digital inclusion: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Information Science.
- Jiang, S., & Ke, X. (2024). Towards SDG5 unveiling the dynamics of the gay tourism industry through social media analysis and implications for gender equality. Kurdish Studies, 12(1), 1404-1426.
- Jo, H. (2023). Understanding AI tool engagement: A study of ChatGPT usage and word-of-mouth among university students and office workers. Telematics and Informatics, 85, Article 102067.
- Kim, Y., Kang, Y., Kim, B., Kim, J., & Kim, G. H. (2024). Exploring the role of engagement and adherence in chatbot-based cognitive training for older adults: Memory function and mental health outcomes. Behaviour & Information Technology.
- Lin, H., Tian, J., & Cheng, B. (2024). Facilitation or hindrance: The contingent effect of organizational artificial intelligence adoption on proactive career behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 152, Article 108092.
- Liu, M., Gorgievski, M. J., Zwaga, J., & Paas, F. (2023). How entrepreneurship program characteristics foster students’ study engagement and entrepreneurial career intentions: A longitudinal study. Learning and Individual Differences, 101, Article 102249.
- Lyndgaard, S. F., Storey, R., & Kanfer, R. (2024). Technological support for lifelong learning: The application of a multilevel, person-centric framework. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 153, Article 104027.
- Ma, R., Deeprasert, J., & Jiang, S. (2024). Social media affecting online music learning willingness of Chinese older adults. Kurdish Studies, 12(1), 1380-1403.
- Madera, J. M., Yang, W., Wu, L., Ma, E., & Xu, S. (2023). Diversity and inclusion in hospitality and tourism: Bridging the gap between employee and customer perspectives. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(11), 3972-3989.
- Mazumdar, B., Warren, A. M., & Brown, T. C. (2024). The new meaning of retirement for bridge employees: Situating bridge employment through the lens of the Kaleidoscope Career Model. Human Resource Development Quarterly.
- Miralles, F., Giones, F., & Riverola, C. (2016). Evaluating the impact of prior experience in entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(3), 791-813.
- Müller, W., & Leyer, M. (2023). Understanding intention and use of digital elements in higher education teaching. Education and Information Technologies, 28(12), 15571-15597.
- Nguyen, P. N.-D., & Nguyen, H. H. (2024). Unveiling the link between digital entrepreneurship education and intention among university students in an emerging economy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 203, Article 123330.
- Quintal, C., Ramos, L. M., & Torres, P. (2023). Disentangling the complexities of modelling when high social capital contributes to indicating good health. Social Science & Medicine, 320, Article 115719.
- Ranasinghe, T., Grosse, E. H., Glock, C. H., & Jaber, M. Y. (2024). Never too late to learn: Unlocking the potential of aging workforce in manufacturing and service industries. International Journal of Production Economics, 270, Article 109193.
- Rostamzadeh, R., Bakhnoo, M., Strielkowski, W., & Streimikiene, D. (2024). Providing an innovative model for social customer relationship management: Meta synthesis approach. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(3), Article 100506.
- Shah, S. K., Zhongjun, T., Sattar, A., & XinHao, Z. (2021). Consumer’s intention to purchase 5G: Do environmental awareness, environmental knowledge and health consciousness attitude matter? Technology in Society, 65, Article 101563.
- Shan, X., & Park, A. (2023). Access to pensions, old-age support, and child investment in China. Journal of Human Resources, 59(5).
- Simons, M., Reijnders, J., Janssens, M., Lataster, J., & Jacobs, N. (2022). Positive affect as mediator: The socioemotional selectivity theory applied to the association between bonding social capital and well-being in later life. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 40(6), 1854-1874.
- Soundararajan, V., Sharma, G., & Bapuji, H. (2024). Caste, social capital and precarity of labour market intermediaries: The case of dalit labour contractors in India. Organization Studies, 45(7), 961-985.
- Tang, C., Yi, T., Naumann, S. E., & Dong, J. (2024). The influence of subjective norms and science identity on academic career intentions. Higher Education, 87(6), 1937-1956.
- Wang, S., Li, N., Liu, N., & Habes, M. (2023). Transitioning from information sharing to knowledge services: Unpacking the evolution of rural media within the context of media integration. Journal of the Knowledge Economy.
- Wang, W., Jiang, S., & Li, L. (2023). Understanding the women’s digital employment intentions: The role of policies and values. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(2), 280-293.
- Wilson-Nash, C., Pavlopoulou, I., & Wang, Z. (2023). Selecting, optimizing, and compensating during lockdown: How older consumers use social networking services to improve social well-being. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 58(2-3), 301-320.
- Xiao, K., Zhai, J., Feng, Y., Zhou, N., Zhang, X., Zou, J.-J., Li, N., Guo, Y., Li, X., & Shen, X. (2020). Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins. Nature, 583(7815), 286-289.
- Yu, J., Jiang, S., Han, J., Li, L., & Ke, X. (2023). Promoting digital employment intention among students of Chinese higher education institutions. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(3), 22-39.
-
-
Conceptualization
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert, Songyu Jiang
-
Data curation
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert, Songyu Jiang
-
Formal Analysis
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert, Songyu Jiang
-
Funding acquisition
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert, Songyu Jiang
-
Investigation
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert, Songyu Jiang
-
Methodology
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert, Songyu Jiang
-
Project administration
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert, Songyu Jiang
-
Resources
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert, Songyu Jiang
-
Software
Lingzhi Liu, Songyu Jiang
-
Supervision
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert
-
Validation
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert, Songyu Jiang
-
Visualization
Lingzhi Liu, Songyu Jiang
-
Writing – original draft
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert, Songyu Jiang
-
Writing – review & editing
Lingzhi Liu, Jirawan Deeprasert, Songyu Jiang
-
Conceptualization
-
Life insurance companies marketing strategy in the digital world
Insurance Markets and Companies Volume 9, 2018 Issue #1 pp. 70-78 Views: 3164 Downloads: 863 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThe research is aimed to evaluate the internet marketing strategies in of life insurance companies in Ukraine. The insurance service in the time of digitalization faces scenarios of implementation in the marketing strategy on-line component. The main challenge for Ukrainian life insurance companies comparatively with the world practice is non-obligatory status of such kind of insurance contracts. So, on the one hand, costs of operation, regulatory pressures and inflexible technology infrastructure are increasing, and, on the other hand, economic recession does not allow to increase the number of insured persons, premiums and profit growth.
Sector of financial services is characterized by an increase in the level of competition, life insurance compelled to compete with pensions funds, banks and other financial institutions in order to defend their market share. Insurance companies marketing strategy determines how an insurer can best achieve its goals and objectives, keep existing customers and attract new ones with minimal costs.
Keeping all the above problems around the study would attempt to study all the factors that contributed to the effective marketing strategies. This paper presents different marketing strategies that are taken up in life insurance services keeping in view external and internal environment of the company. -
Impact of meme marketing on consumer purchase intention: Examining the mediating role of consumer engagement
This paper analyzes an emerging form of social media marketing, meme marketing, which has gained attention for its ability to entertain and engage users. Marketers and companies are recognizing the value of using memes as a tool to connect with consumers. To understand the effects of meme marketing activities, this paper aims to examine the impact of meme marketing activities on consumer purchase intentions and concurrently assess the mediating role of consumer engagement. The study encompassed 452 Indian social media users with active social media accounts and familiarity with memes and meme marketing concepts. It employed a quantitative methodology backed by robust statistical techniques. The method used for analysis was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software. The results found that meme marketing activities have a direct and significant positive impact (β = 0.257, p < 0.05) on consumer purchase intentions. It further shows that meme marketing has a direct and significant positive impact (β = 0.745, p < 0.05) on consumer engagement. It shows that consumer engagement has a direct and significant positive effect (β = 0.651, p < 0.05) on consumer purchase intention. However, the indirect impact of meme marketing activities on consumer purchase intentions is also significant, resulting in partial mediation. The study findings hold value for marketing managers, agencies, and companies that interact and engage consumers with memes and undertake meme marketing activities.
-
Inhibitors of social media as an innovative tool for advertising and marketing communication: evidence from SMES in a developing country
Innovative Marketing Volume 16, 2020 Issue #4 pp. 164-179 Views: 2103 Downloads: 390 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯInnovative marketing has given rise to practitioners’ and scholars’ attention in the 21st-century market. Given this, social media marketing has become the order of the day when accessing modern tools for marketing communication. However, the adoption of this innovation comes with its associated challenges, particularly, from a developing country perspective. Against this background, this study sought to examine the inhibitors characterized in the application of social media channels as an innovative tool for advertising and communication among SMEs (small and medium enterprises) in Ghana. For study results to be achieved, a quantitative research approach with a questionnaire of 650 was distributed among managerial staff of the fashion industry in the central part of Ghana of which 512 respondents were duly received and correctly filled for data processing and analysis. Results from the partial least square structural equation method (PLS-SEM), showed that despite the importance of innovation, lack of managerial skills/marketing expertise, perceived cost, regular systems/links upgrade, and financial constraints are significant inhibiting factors affecting the application of social media as advertising and communication tools among SMEs in developing economy. Interestingly, the findings further showed that ’company’s size’ as well as ’availability of social media channel/tool’ significantly control for the outcome variable (internet/social media) as a marketing communication tool.
Acknowledgment
This work is supported by Tomas Bata University in Zlin through; IGA/FaME/2019/002: The role of the institutional environment in fostering entrepreneurship, and further supported by IGA/FaME/2020/002 and IGA/FaME/2019/008. The authors are thankful to Prof. Jaroslav Belás, Prof. Boris Popesko, and Prof. Miloslava Chovancová for their guidance towards developing this manuscript.