Evaluation of R&D activities in the maritime industry: Managing sustainability transitions through business model

The rapidly changing business climate and competition that has been getting stricter demand companies to have a proper strategy to grow and sustain their business. The objective of this quantitative study is to analyze the benefits of innovation in business strategy to create a competitive advantage for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME). Inferential statistical analysis was performed on three mediating variables: people innovation, process innovation, and product innovation, in their involvement in business strategies as an independent variable, against competitive advantage as a dependent variable. Twenty-nine MSMEs in Indonesia were used as a sample of this study to examine four hypotheses. Thirty indicators of five variables were transformed into 50 questions in a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to selected respondents using purposive sampling. The results of the T-test show that business strategy has a significant effect on competitive advantage, which means that business strategy without innovations creates only 20.2% of its competitive advantage. On the other hand, Sobel test results demonstrate that innovations significantly mediate the influence of business strategies on companies’ competitive advantages. Finally, product innovation potentially increases the competitive advantages by 53.1%, followed by process innovation and people innovation by 47.2% and 44.5%.

Acknowledgment
The author would like to express special gratitude to the Department of Industrial Engineering at Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, who supported this investigation, as well as all participating MSMEs. This study received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Innovative marketing practices are essential for firms to increase sales and profitability. This paper aims to investigate the determinants of firms’ marketing innovation based on the employment of resource-based view and stakeholder theory. A probit regression model linking marketing innovation with proxies of firms’ resources and pressures from firms’ stakeholders was tested based on a dataset of 5,857 Vietnamese enterprises taken from a survey by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam in 2016. The findings indicate that firms’ size decreases the probability of marketing innovation by 1%, while internal knowledge gained from internal R&D causes the probability of marketing innovation to increase by 0.18%. Besides, the political connection and collaborations with competitors and private consultants drive the probability that firms implement the marketing innovation up by 0.09%, 0.12%, and 0.09%, respectively. On the other hand, export-oriented firms are more likely to implement marketing innovation by 0.03%, while foreign ownership reduces the chance of this decision by 0.05%. This research also reveals the essential role of the firm’s market pressures to enter into new markets or improve product quality in encouraging marketing innovation by 0.16% and 0.13%, respectively.

Acknowledgment
This research was supported by National Economics University, Grant Number: 343-QĐ-ĐHKTQD.

This study studies social entrepreneurial competencies, social values, and transformational leadership. They are a requirement during the COVID-19 pandemic. It arises to find out the effect of social entrepreneurship on social values and the influence of transformational leadership in memorizing the influence of social entrepreneurship on social values with a total of 200 respondents as social entrepreneurship leaders who have been announced in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative method with a structural equation model (SEM) analysis tool in AMOS software. SEM analysis in this study uses the moderating SEM method with a mixed-methods approach. Data analysis has been carried out through data processing. The values obtained mean that higher social entrepreneurship will increase social value by 9.4%; if transformational leadership increases, a significance value of 0.85 is obtained. This value is greater than 0.05. It is proved that the role of social entrepreneurship fosters innovative abilities, proactive development, and the courage to take risks for the people in Indonesia and the impact of social values fosters social recognition, responsibility, and contribution to the economy with attitudes with potential transformational leadership behaviors as well as inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and consideration of the community.

Acknowledgments
The author appreciates the contribution of all co-authors in preparing the data set.