Jana Hinke

This paper aims at comparing the management perspectives with the audit conditions in the Visegrad Group (V4) countries (the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Poland, and Hungary) in the following areas: legislation governing the auditing, statutory duty of auditing, mandatory rotation of auditors in public interest entities, requirements on auditors and professional activities, and audit supervision organizations. The paper also tests the hypothesis whether there is a relationship between the size of the accounting entity and the auditor’s opinion.
The methodology is based on the statistical analysis of the data using the Chi-square test of independence applied to a sample of 800 randomly selected accounting entities from all V4 countries (200 per each country in question).
The results demonstrated significant differences in the management approaches to financial reporting, especially in the area of the statutory duty of auditing. In addition, quantitative research was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between the size of the accounting entity and the auditor’s opinion. At the 5% significance level, no such dependence has been found for any of the V4 countries, but at the 10% significance level, the dependence has already been proved in case of the Republic of Poland and Hungary.
The practical value of the obtained results is the knowledge of how to manage accounting standards for business entities in the V4 countries, as well as to determine the statutory duty to audit financial statements. These results might be of a special practical importance for business managers, tax authorities, and auditors operating in the EU countries.

Effective resource allocation is critical for academic libraries that offer reference consultations and information literacy instruction to support student success. The study aims to examine the time spent and the intensity and variation in information resource use across 671 reference consultations provided to undergraduate and graduate students at the Czech National Library of Technology, categorized by complexity levels. A case study methodology with quantitative analysis, including descriptive statistics and correlation tests, was applied. The results indicate that simple consultations require more extensive involvement of information resources with an emphasis on basic information literacy, while higher grades of consultations involve fewer resources but more frequent use of full-text databases. It is also shown that information resources are used consistently, with usage patterns reflecting the complexity of users’ assignments and questions. The analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between consultation complexity and both the time spent providing a consultation (correlation coefficient 0.276) and the time spent preparing for the consultation (correlation coefficient 0.262). The results suggest the need for strategic planning of human resources based on service complexity to increase the efficiency of consultations, as well as more conscious decision making regarding the use of information resources in consultation services.

Acknowledgment
The authors are grateful for the invaluable support provided by the Czech National Library of Technology during the research process. The research data offered were extremely helpful and have been essential to complete this research successfully.