Oleksandra Mrykhina

Technology transfer from universities to the business environment plays a key role in use of the open innovation concept. Meanwhile, in Ukraine which has a sufficiently high level of scientific and technological capacity, universities do not fully respond to market demands and do not receive the proper commercial results. One of the reasons for this is that current methods and models do not allow justifying the level of techno­logy transferability. This article aims to present a methodological approach to assessing the transferability of technologies from universities to the business environment and to develop a method for determining the integral index of technology transferability. Therefore, the study considered and substantiated options for this transfer based on the sale of technology licenses by the universities; creation of spin-off companies by the university; technology transfer as startups; conclusion of a joint activity agreements; scientific and technical cooperation. A market technology launch matrix was developed to select these models. The developed methodological tools can be used to compare investment projects. The results obtained were tested based on technology of personal passive optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry of ionizing radiation.

The modern concept of open innovation highlights the role of technology transfer from universities to the business environment. An increase in technology transfer efficiency is one of the tasks assigned to Ukrainian universities by the state. The nature of technology transfers in the world and the role of universities in this process call for revising traditional approaches to its production in Ukraine. This stipulated the substantiation of theoretical and methodological principles of technology transfer from universities to the business environment, which should serve as a fundamental platform for further economic, technological and other actions in the innovation development of Ukraine. For this purpose, the modern theoretical and applied components of technology transfer from universities to the business environment are researched; the theoretical and methodological principles of technology transfer are determined and the conceptual approach to understanding technology transfer from universities to the business environment is proved. To achieve the tasks at hand, the background and trends in technology transfer from universities to the business environment have been researched; the role of universities in modern technology transfers is analyzed; the peculiarities and potential of the scientific area of Ukraine are considered; the influence of university technology transfer centers on the universities’ academic entrepreneurship has been studied; the nature of knowledge transformation during the technology transfer is substantiated; the influence of technology transfer on the university subsystems is considered; the effects of technology transfer are investigated; models of interaction in the system “University – Governmental Authority – Business” are studied; and modern approaches to the technology transfer from universities to the business environment are researched. Given the research conducted, theoretical and methodological principles for technology transfer were formed, which conceptualize the technology transfer from universities to the business environment.

Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
The complexity of industrial markets in the Fourth Industrial Revolution necessitates new pricing approaches for R&D outcomes. “Technology-push” innovations often feature advanced technical parameters that are misaligned with customers’ willingness to pay, creating a commercialization gap that requires models that integrate cost, competition, and perceived value. The aim of this study is to develop a price-determining model for industrial “technology-push” innovations. The authors’ price-determining model for industrial “technology-push” innovations combines cost-plus pricing and competitive pricing with the Price Sensitivity Measurement (PSM) analysis. Empirical data from 2022 to 2025 in optical interferometry were used to validate the approach. In the case of “technology-push” innovations, a gap may exist between the perceived value of technical parameters and the price that industrial customers are willing to pay. The trade-off between technical parameters and price refers to the balance or compromise that customers and industrial marketers must consider when making a purchase. Setting the right price on industrial “technology-push” products requires a comprehensive analysis of customer preferences, competitive landscape, and cost structures. Customers’ perception of value directly influences their willingness to pay for a product or service. Even if a product is technically superior or offers advanced features, its perceived value by customers ultimately determines the optimal price point. Aligning pricing with customer perceptions of value helps maximize revenue and profitability for both transaction participants. The authors’ method enables the determination of the boundaries of the market price range for an innovation with sufficient accuracy. Combining traditional pricing methods with price sensitivity analysis of industrial customers can offer several advantages, leveraging the strengths of each approach to improve the price-determining process for industrial “technology-push” innovations.