Financial structure and current corporate income tax expense: Evidence from Indonesian oil, gas, and coal firms

This paper examines the long-term effect of various regulatory, bank-specific and macroeconomic factors on the determination of liquidity in Indian banks. For this purpose, the study uses a random effect panel data regression model and tests it with data on Indian banks for 21 years, covering the period from 1996 to 2016. The model considers the effect of regulatory factors, cash reserve ratio, and statutory liquidity, and incorporates four different liquidity ratios specific to the Indian banking scenario. The results of the analysis show contrasting relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variables measured by four liquidity ratios.
It is interesting to note that Indian banks rely more on asset-based liquidity and less on liability-based liquidity. More specifically, the most important liquidity ratio of L1 (liquid assets to total assets ratio) showed a significant relationship with macroeconomic variables of discount rates, call rates, foreign exchange reserve, exchange rate with US dollar, consumer price index and gross domestic product. L1 also showed a significant relationship with bank-specific variables of capital to total assets and bank size. However, the regulatory factors of cash reserve ratio and profitability determined by return on equity (ROE) and non-performing assets were not found to have any effect on liquidity of Indian banks.

Past studies have mostly investigated the significance of financial attributes in trade affairs of developed countries, while dismissing such importance among developing nations. As such, this study looked into the influence of financial leverage upon the growth of Jordanian firms. For that purpose, a sample of 91 firms from Jordan had been analyzed via panel data regression method for the period between 2006 and 2015. As a result, the findings portrayed the irrelevance between financial leverage and growth of assets, but a significantly positive correlation with the growth of sales and employment. On top of that, this study revealed that growth of sales and employment had been significantly and positively correlated with firm size. In short, this study dismissed the speculation the constraint Jordanian firms were in, but on the contrary, displayed the ability to gain external financing to ascertain successful progress.

This study is aimed at analyzing the financial performance and indicator of macroeconomics to influence the quality of financing at Islamic Rural Bank Industry (IRBI) in Indonesia. The panel data regression is used to predict the change of quality of financing which is reflected by value of non-performing financing (NPF). The model of this study is grouped by four areas of working zones because IRBI has different competency depending on its region. The sample of the study used 72 IRBIs in the periods of Quarter II 2010 to Quarter I 2016. The results of the study show that simultanuously variables for the size of banks, financing to deposit ratio (FDR), operational efficiency ratio (OER), return on equity (ROE), expense to assets (EA), percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), and the rate of inflation are statistically significant to non-performing financing of the IRBI in Indonesia. GDP has strongly significant impact on the NPF of IRBI in Indonesia. According to Areas of working zones, inflation has quite significant impact on the IRBI in Zone One, and GDP has strongly significant impact on the IRBI in Zone Two, Zone Three, and Zone Four. Nevertheless, there are different effects of GDP towards NPF which has a negative impact on Zone One and Zone Four, meanwhile Zone Two and Zone Three have positive impact. In conclusion, government policy treatment should be different at every zone.