Digital marketing and its influence on consumer behavior: A social sciences perspective from Kazakhstan
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.22(3).2026.13
-
Article InfoVolume 22 2026, Issue #3, pp. 194–205
- 5 Views
-
1 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Type of the article: Research Article
Abstract
Digital technologies have changed how consumers obtain product information, interact with brands, and make purchasing decisions. However, empirical evidence on these relationships remains limited for urban, digitally active consumers in Kazakhstan. This study examines the associations among digital marketing activities, social media engagement, promotional pricing strategies, brand trust, and consumer purchasing behavior. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, using survey data collected from 320 active internet users in Kazakhstan between July and November 2025, administered via a structured questionnaire with five-point Likert-scale measures. The reliability and construct validity of the measurement instrument were evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin statistic, Bartlett’s test of sphericity, and exploratory factor analysis, while regression and cluster analyses were conducted to examine the proposed relationships and identify consumer segments. The findings indicate that digital marketing activities are positively associated with consumer purchasing behavior, social media engagement is positively related to brand trust, and promotional pricing strategies significantly influence consumer purchase decisions. The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory reliability and construct validity, supporting the consistency of the empirical results. The study contributes evidence on digital consumer behavior among urban, digitally active consumers in Kazakhstan. It offers practical implications for organizations seeking to strengthen digital marketing strategies in comparable market settings.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Kazakh-British Technical University for its persistent support and encouragement in facilitating this research, thanks to its strong commitment to academic excellence and innovation. Sincere appreciation is also extended to all the respondents who generously devoted their time and insights to this study, making a valuable contribution to its completion.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)D91, L81, M31, M37
-
References32
-
Tables6
-
Figures1
-
- Figure 1. Conceptual model illustrating the relationships between digital marketing tools and consumer behavioral outcomes in Kazakhstan’s emerging digital economy
-
- Table 1. Demographic characteristics of survey respondents (N=320)
- Table 2. Cronbach’s alpha – Internal consistency of survey items
- Table 3. Exploratory factor analysis and construct validity results
- Table 4. Regression analysis – Relationship between variables
- Table 5. Cluster analysis – Segmentation of respondents
- Table 6. Testing of hypotheses summary and decision
-
- Abdulsalam, T. A., Omolaja, R. A., Tajudeen, R. B., & Abdulazeez, S. O. (2024). Efficacy of Digital Pricing Strategies on Customer Buying Decisions in the E-Commerce Industry: A PLS-SEM Approach. African Journal of Stability and Development (AJSD), 16(1), 73-123.
- Ante, L., & Saggu, A. (2025). Quantifying a firm’s AI engagement: Constructing objective, data-driven AI stock indices using 10-K filings. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 212, 123965.
- Awad, A., & Alharthi, B. (2025). The role of digital marketing tools in promoting tourism: An applied study on online marketing strategies. Innovative Marketing, 21(2), 14-26.
- Bala, M., & Verma, D. (2018). A critical review of digital marketing. International Journal of Management, IT & Engineering, 8(10), 321-339.
- Bharti, P., & Park, B. (2023). The ethics of AI in online marketing: Examining the impacts on consumer privacy and decision-making. International Journal of Internet Broadcasting and Communication, 15(2), 75-85.
- Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., & Ilić, A. (2013). Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 105-114.
- Bureau of National Statistics. (2024). E-commerce in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
- Datareportal. (2025). Digital 2025: Kazakhstan.
- Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.
- Davenport, T., Guha, A., Grewal, D., & Bressgott, T. (2020). How artificial intelligence will change the future of marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1), 24-42.
- Di Gangi, P. M., & Wasko, M. M. (2016). Social media engagement theory: Exploring the influence of user engagement on social media usage. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 28(2), 53-73.
- Fernandes, S., Venkatesh, V. G., Panda, R., & Shi, Y. (2021). Measurement of factors influencing online shopper buying decisions: A scale development and validation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102394.
- Friis, S., & Riley, J. (2023). Eliminating algorithmic bias is just the beginning of equitable AI. Harvard Business Review.
- Hadiyati, E., Mulyono, S., & Gunadi. (2024). Digital marketing is a key determinant of business performance. Innovative Marketing, 20(3), 28-41.
- Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing Management (15th ed.). Pearson.
- Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., & Chernev, A. (2021). Marketing management (16th ed.). Pearson.
- Kumar, V., Dixit, A., Javalgi, R. R. G., & Dass, M. (2016). Research framework, strategies, and applications of intelligent agent technologies (IATs) in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(1), 24-45.
- Li, H., & Chen, Z. (2024). How do e-commerce platforms and retailers implement discount pricing policies under consumers are strategic? Plos One, 19(5), e0296654.
- Mishra, M., Kushwaha, R., & Gupta, N. (2024). Impact of sales promotion on consumer buying behavior in the apparel industry. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1).
- Mostova, A., Batsenko, L., Arakelova, I., Halenin, R., Klietsova, N., Baranova, V., & Krasovska, A. (2026). Digital marketing management in Ukrainian SMEs: Tools, barriers and strategic readiness for transformation. Innovative Marketing, 22(2), 55-70.
- Pan, M., Blut, M., Ghiassaleh, A., & Lee, Z. W. (2025). Influencer marketing effectiveness: A meta-analytic review. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 53(1), 52-78.
- Ryan, D. (2020). Understanding digital marketing: A complete guide to engaging customers and implementing successful digital campaigns. Kogan Page Publishers.
- Sadyk, D., & Islam, D. M. Z. (2022). Brand equity and usage intention powered by value Co-creation: A case of Instagram in Kazakhstan. Sustainability, 14(1), 500.
- Salhab, H. A., Estaitia, H., & Zoubi, M. (2026). Digital strategies and consumer engagement in fashion livestream commerce: A cross-market analysis. Innovative Marketing, 22(2), 119-131.
- Samarah, T., Bayram, P., Aljuhmani, H. Y., & Elrehail, H. (2022). The role of brand interactivity and involvement in driving consumer-brand engagement and brand loyalty on social media: the mediating effect of brand trust. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 16(4), 648-664.
- Smith, P. (2022). Digital marketing excellence: Planning, optimizing and integrating online marketing (6th ed.). Routledge.
- Statista. (2024). Internet penetration in Kazakhstan 2024.
- Steckman, L. M., & Andrews, M. J. (Eds.). (2023). Online around the world: A geographic encyclopedia of the Internet, social media, and mobile apps. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
- Tazhiyeva, Z., Baimukhanbetova, E. E., & Kozhakhmetova, A. (2024). Digitalization and technological trends in marketing: prospects for Kazakhstan. Economic Series of the Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov ENU, 4, 91-105.
- Tazkia, Y., & Ariyanti, M. (2025). The effect of social media marketing on brand loyalty for a sportswear brand: The mediating role of brand trust and cognitive engagement. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 9(3), 1908-1915.
- Turarbekova, K., Potluri, R. M., & Maulenbekov, T. (2025). The impact of digital transformation on Kazakhstan’s service sector. In P. K. Tyagi, A. K. Singh, K. Kaushik, & V. Nadda (Eds.), Business transformation and digital innovation in the service sector (Chapter 11). Auerbach Publications.
- Vasquez-Reyes, B. J., & Cordova-Buiza, F. (2024). Inbound social media marketing and increased sales in SMEs: a correlational study in the pet food industry. Innovative Marketing, 20(3), 132.


