Money supply. Endogenous or exogenous variable? With reference to Iraq

  • Received August 2, 2017;
    Accepted November 6, 2017;
    Published December 15, 2017
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  • DOI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(4-1).2017.03
  • Article Info
    Volume 12 2017, Issue #4, pp. 144-153
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The issue of whether money supply is a dependent or an independent variable remains a debating one, especially with the ongoing development and innovation of institutions, tools, and financial, monetary, and banking derivatives. In general, we can say that there are two trends of thought about the issue under consideration. The first trend views money supply as an exogenous variable because the monetary authority can control and monitor it. The second one views money supply as an endogenous variable because Federal Bank has no ability to affect it, especially when nominal or money income is changed and reflected on money multiplier and money supply, and also when the monetary authority cannot restrict the monetary expansion as a result of different factors related to the economy structure or related to other non-economic factors.

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    • Figure 1. The accommodationist model of the money supply process
    • Figure 2. The structuralist model of the money supply process
    • Figure 3. Components of the monetary base for the period 2004–2015
    • Table 1. Selected variables for Iraqi economy (1993–2002) / millions of dinars
    • Table 2. Selected variables for Iraq economy (2004–2015) / billions of dinars