Endang Sulistya Rini

This study was aimed to discover the direct influences of rational, emotional, and spiritual marketing on satisfaction, trust, and loyalty of Shariah banking customers in Medan. This study was an associative research, which is a research connecting two variables or more to see the influence of one variable on another. This study was conducted by means of an exploratory approach. The population in this study was Shariah Banking customers in Medan. Total sample was 200 customers from 64 branches of Shariah banks across Medan. By using path analysis with SPSS 21 program, the results showed that there were direct and indirect influences of rational, emotional, and spiritual marketing on customer satisfaction, trust, and loyalty. Only emotional marketing variable had insignificant influence on the satisfaction of Shariah banking customers in Medan. This study was limited to impact of rational, emotional, spiritual marketing variables on satisfaction, trust, and loyalty of Shariah banking customers. Other variables which influence satisfaction, trust, and loyalty such as customer relationship management (CRM) and portfolio performance should be used, because they’re factors which influence consumer behavior. For Shariah banking in Medan, the research result was expected to give useful suggestions and inputs for Shariah banking in Medan in implementing marketing strategies, especially rational, emotional, and spiritual.

This study aims to examine the effect of tourism image, experiential value, and satisfaction on the intention of revisiting the tourist area. The present study used associative analysis to ascertain the link between two or more variables. The study is being conducted in North Sumatera province, Indonesia, specifically in the tourist area of Lake Toba. The research population is comprised of an undetermined number of tourists that visited the tourist area around Lake Toba. The sample size of 324 was determined, which was obtained by multiplying the least number of samples by four or five questionnaire item categories. An accidental sampling approach was employed in this study, and data processing was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics and Smart-PLS software. The empirical findings indicate that although the tourism image has a significant and positive impact on experiential satisfaction, the direct effect of experiential value has a negative value on experiential satisfaction. Moreover, through tourism experiential satisfaction, experiential value has a negative value on intentions to revisit the destination. On the other hand, the indirect relationship between the tourism image and the intention to revisit through tourism experiential satisfaction has a positive value.

Acknowledgment
We would like to express our gratitude to the Ministry of Education and Culture’s Directorate of Research and Community Service for funding this study via the “Higher Education Excellent Basic Research Grant Fund” program.

Destination loyalty has become a topic that needs attention in tourism research, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic because it affects the number of visitors to tourist sites. This study aims to test the effect of destination image on destination loyalty through destination authenticity. The respondents in this study were visitors to the Ecotourism Mount Leuser National Park in Indonesia. The questionnaires were distributed to 301 respondents using purposive sampling. The data were processed using SEM-PLS methods. The results show that destination image influences destination authenticity (p-value <0.05). Next, destination authenticity affects destination loyalty (p-value <0.05) and destination image influences destination loyalty (p-value < 0.05). Finally, destination image through destination authenticity influences destination loyalty (p-value < 0.05). The findings of this study can be beneficial to the respective governmental bodies that seeks to improve destination authenticity and destination image to enhance destination loyalty of visitors and promote revisit intentions toward the Ecotourism Mount Leuser National Park in Indonesia. This study can be used as a reference for tourist destination managers to increase destination loyalty by maintaining and managing the tourist destination area properly. The government acts as a policymaker and is responsible for preserving the environmental impact of tourism, such as pollution, other environmental hazards, and land use issues stemming from poor planning, regulation, and engineering of the site, attractions, and facilities.

Acknowledgment
This study is funded by the DRTPM of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, grant number [097/E5/PG.02.00.PT/2022], for the 2022 fiscal year.