The influence of assessment on training to improve productivity of construction companies

The creation and growth of new enterprises and, on the other hand, their decline and market exit are crucial factors of business dynamism and economic growth. Thus, business dynamism is an important aspect in the market chain and productivity of an economy, as well as a trigger for market reforms. The aim is to analyze business dynamism using Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 and its variables worldwide and to verify the relationship between business dynamism in the EU states and economic characteristics such as Valued added at factor cost, Enterprise Birth Rate and Enterprise Death Rate. Data were collected from the 2019 Global Competitiveness Report and from the EUROSTAT database, using the most recently updated source for each indicator. The 11th pillar of the Global Competitiveness Index, focused on business dynamics, and a set of indicators were analyzed using PCA to verify if all the variables are effective representatives of the concept. It was found out that the pillar does not effectively represent the concept of business dynamism in case of the EU countries; therefore the new pillar was constructed. A strong and statistically significant correlation between business dynamism and Value Added was confirmed. A relationship between business dynamism and other economic indicators was not proven. From a territorial point of view, Oceania achieved the best overall result in the analyzed field. The process of starting a new business is the most challenging in terms of start-up costs in South America. By contrast, the EU has reached the best result in this process.

Human resources at different levels are the executives of organizational tasks toward excellence. Missing the track of human resources will leave the organization behind. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of SHRM components on organizational excellence. The study was applied to industrial organizations in Industrial City in Northern Jordan. A quantitative approach was used to accomplish the objectives. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was composed of three parts: the first part designed to collect demographic data, the second part designed to collect information about SHRM (recruitment, training, development, and career development), the last part designed to collect information about organizational excellence. A simple random sample of 120 organizations’ managers was studied. The results showed that the data collection tool was reliable. The results showed that training was of high concern by managers to reach excellence, followed by organizational development, then career development, and the least evaluation was for recruitment. The SHRM components affect the components of organizational excellence (customer satisfaction, technology deployment, product quality, and competitiveness) (p < 0.05). Recruitment was the highest contributor to organizational excellence related to technology deployment, product quality, and competitiveness, but customer satisfaction was affected by development and career development. The study recommended that the organization connect the SHRM strategy with the other organization activities that lead to excellence with the recruitment process’s concentration as it affects the products of the organizations.

The study aims to identify the financial performance measures used as a proxy of the firm-level competitiveness dimensions of small and medium-sized enterprises and their competitiveness. By investigating the factors that affect competitiveness in general, those areas will be introduced, related to an identified competitiveness dimension. Financial and non-financial performance indicators will assess these areas. The paper considers competitiveness as an outcome variable, suggests a relationship between financial performance and the identified areas, and searches for the financial performance measures drivers.
A panel data model was tested on Hungarian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and US SMEs. The collected data cover the period between 2013 and 2017. As a result of the applied panel regression, those variables were successfully identified that drive and could predict financial performance measures related to competitiveness. The research found a significant difference between the two-sample dataset results, which differences can be connected to country, industry, and, in general, to economic development characteristics.
The results provide decision-making support and hint about the managerial tools and techniques aiming to control the firm characteristics, performance, and, eventually, firm-level competitiveness. Based on the results, further research can be dedicated to the development characteristics of firm-level competitiveness and the analysis of the relationship between the competitiveness dimensions and competitiveness itself.

Acknowledgment
The research was financed by the Higher Education Institutional Excellence Programme of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary, within the framework of the 4th thematic programme „Enhancing the Role of Domestic Companies in the Reindustrialization of Hungary” of the University of Pécs.