Policy evolution of personnel management in Chinese educational institutions: A comprehensive policy circle analysis
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(4).2022.41
-
Article InfoVolume 20 2022, Issue #4, pp. 544-559
- Cited by
- 443 Views
-
49 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The reform of education personnel management policies has been carried out progressively to ensure the achievement of educational goals. A systematic analysis of the personnel management policy circle, including policy design, content, and implementation, is crucial to improving the accuracy and effectiveness of such policies. Through a comprehensive review of policy evolution, this study aims to systematize the design and content of policies on personnel management in educational institutions in China. It was determined that personnel management is increasingly concerned with the efficiency and effectiveness of goal achievement, policy design, system reform, and mixed-used management methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 420 respondents in 25 preschool institutions in five cities of Henan province in China. A total of 362 questionnaires were deemed valid out of 397 retrieved, including 24 from principals and 338 from teachers. The statistical analysis results identified the problems in policy implementation, including the laxly enforced teacher qualification system, inadequate teacher professional development, poorly implemented training policies, unattractive salaries and benefits, and the undesirable assessment system. For example, 5.89% of the respondents still need teaching qualification certificates. Only 1.1% of the respondents had senior titles. 2.76% of the respondents are still paid less than the minimum standard. In response to the situation, this study suggests effective countermeasures for educational administrative authorities and institutions. The findings could provide a reference for further optimization and development of personnel management policies.
Acknowledgments
This study is supported by Sumy National Agrarian University in Ukraine and the Talent Special Support Program for Doctoral Studies of Henan Institute of Science and Technology in China.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)M12, I25, J24
-
References63
-
Tables8
-
Figures5
-
- Figure 1. Selection process of teaching staff
- Figure 2. Development stages of continuous education and related policies
- Figure 3. Wage system reforms
- Figure 4. Comparison between the education level at entry and the current highest education level
- Figure 5. Cross chi-square analysis of teaching experience and professional titles
-
- Table 1. List of professional titles of teachers
- Table 2. Standard salary in public institutions in 2019 (in Chinese yuan)
- Table 3. Characteristics of the respondents
- Table 4. Reform practices of assessment and evaluation system
- Table 5. Salary plan in different universities to recruit Ph.D. graduates in Henan province (thousands of Chinese yuan)
- Table 6. Exchange status of primary and secondary school teachers in different regions
- Table 7. Possession of teacher qualification among respondents
- Table 8. Cross chi-square analysis between the region and salary income
-
- Al Mamun, C. A., & Hasan, M. N. (2017). Factors affecting employee turnover and sound retention strategies in business organization: A conceptual view. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 15(1), 63-71.
- Alabi, A. T. (2000). School personnel management: The craft of educational management. Ilorin: INDEMAC Print Media.
- Chen, J., & Fan, Y. (2022). Does the rational policy promote teachers’ professional development? An empirical investigation in six provinces in the eastern, central, and western regions. Teacher Education Research, 34(3), 91-99. (In Chinese).
- Chen, J., & Gao, L. (2016). International experience and enlightenment of teacher post-service training system reform. The Inservice Education and Training of School Teachers, 5, 74-78. (In Chinese).
- Cheng, H. (2022). Leading the teacher team to excellence with excellent teachers. Primary and Secondary School Management, 10, 60-62. (In Chinese).
- Diao, H., & Wang, Y. (2019). Analysis on of the evolution and problems of China’s primary and secondary school teachers’ staffing policy since the foundation of new China. Journal of Qilu Normal University, 3, 54-61. (In Chinese).
- Dong, R. (2008). Reforming the salary management system of primary and secondary school teachers. Operation and Management, 8, 58-59. (In Chinese).
- Dong, X., Liu, J., Zhang, X., & Yang, X. (2017). On the Evaluation Mechanism of Teachers in National Pilot Schools. Research in Higher Education of Engineering, 4, 104-109. (In Chinese).
- Duke, D. L., & Canady, R. L. (1991). School policy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Fu, S., & Cui, Y. (2016). The evolution of post-service training policies for primary and secondary school teachers. Teaching and Management: Theoretical Edition, 3, 61-64. (In Chinese).
- Gu, C., & Zheng, S. (2015). Discussion on the pre-service training mechanism of “double-qualified” teachers in higher vocational colleges. Vocational & Technical Education Forum, 29, 5-9. (In Chinese).
- Guo, J., & Cao, Y. (2011). Historical evolution and future trend of educational human resource management. Shanghai Education Research, 2, 25-27. (In Chinese).
- Guo, L., Cao, J., & He, T. (2022). Learning trajectories-based teacher training: the new idea for preschool teachers’ professional development. Preschool Education Research, 7, 1-11. (In Chinese).
- Hu, W., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Theory and practice of teachers’ professional competence development. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University, 47(2), 139-145. (In Chinese).
- Hu, Y., & Yuan, J. (2021). An empirical study on the salary disparity of faculty in China. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences), 6, 27-49. (In Chinese).
- Kang, N. (2010). On the internal management system’ indicators of the higher education institutions in China. Journal of Higher Education, 12, 41-48. (In Chinese).
- Lao, K. (2015). Retrospect and prospect: Overview of 30 years of education system reform in China. Journal of Educational Studies, 11(5), 3-12. (In Chinese).
- Li, C. (2019). The status quo, problems and countermeasures of the structure and authorized size of rural public kindergarten teachers based on the data from the seven western provinces and Chongqing municipality in China. Teacher Development Research, 3(2), 35-43. (In Chinese).
- Li, T., Zhi, T., & Wu, J. (2022). The authorized staff size system for schoolteachers: Theoretical logic and governance strategy. Educational Research, 5, 139-148. (In Chinese).
- Li, Y. (2021). The Historical Logic and Value Orientation of the Evolution of Primary and Secondary School Teacher Staffing Policy in my country. Research in Educational Development, 41(4), 1-9. (In Chinese).
- Lin, J. (2021). Opportunities and paths to reconstruct university teacher performance evaluation indicators. China Higher Education, 8, 7-9. (In Chinese).
- Liu, F. (2010). Research on performance-based salary distribution model based on organization and position: Deepening reform of income distribution system after post establishment and employment in universities. Heilongjiang Researches on Higher Education, 2, 60-62. (In Chinese).
- Luo, S. (2014). Reflection and reconstruction of the teacher employment system in schools for compulsory education. Modern Education Management, 8, 61-66. (In Chinese).
- Maine, J. (1961). Ancient Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
- Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MoE). (1995a). Education Law of the People’s Republic of China. (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MoE). (1995b). Teacher qualification regulations. (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MoE). (1993). Teacher law of the People’s Republic of China. (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MoE). (2011). Opinions on vigorously strengthening the training of teachers in primary and secondary schools. (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MoE). (2016a). Notice on launching and implementing the national training demonstration project for newly recruited teachers in higher education. (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MoE). (2016b). Guiding Opinions on deepening the reform of the assessment and evaluation system for college teachers. (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MoE). (2019). Opinions on strengthening and improving the construction of teachers’ morality and style in the new era. (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MoE). (2020). Notice of the Department of Teacher Work of the Ministry of Education on Printing and Distributing 11 Documents including the “Teacher Trainer Team Training Guide.” (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security & the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MoHRSS & MoE). (2022). Guidance on further improving the post management in primary and secondary school. (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Personnel & Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (MoP & MoE). (2007). Guiding opinions on the management of post setup in higher education. (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Personnel of the People’s Republic of China (MoP). (1995). Interim regulations on the evaluation of staff in public institutions. (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Personnel of the People’s Republic of China (MoP). (2002). Opinions on the trial implementation of the personnel employment system in public institutions. (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Personnel of the People’s Republic of China (MoP). (2005). Public institution employment contract (Model). (In Chinese).
- Ministry of Personnel of the People’s Republic of China (MoP). (2006). Trial measures for the management of post set up in institutions. (In Chinese).
- Pang, L., Zhang, L., & Xiao, Y. (2013). Policy suggestions on promoting the balanced allocation of early childhood education teachers between urban and rural areas. Teacher Education Research, 25(3), 31-36. (In Chinese).
- Qu, T., & Gong, X. (2019). A retrospect of primary and secondary school teacher training policies since 1949. Journal of Hebei Normal University: Education Science Edition, 21(3), 49-55. (In Chinese).
- Semenets-Orlova, I., Klochko, A., Nestulya, S., Mykhailych, O., & Omelyanenko, V. (2019). Readiness of the education manager to provide the organizational development of institutions (based on the sociological research). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(3), 132-142.
- Shan, Y., Li, T., & Chen, Y. (2022). Implementation dilemma and path solution of “County-managed and School-employed” policy. Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), 3, 169-176. (In Chinese).
- State Council of China (SC). (1986). Provisions on the implementation of the employment system for professional and technical titles. (In Chinese).
- State Council of China (SC). (2018). Opinion on comprehensively deepening the reform of the construction of the teacher troop in the new era. (In Chinese).
- Tian, Y. (2010). Characteristics and policy thinking of the changes of in the examination system of college teachers since the reform and opening up. Jiangsu Higher Education, 6, 76-78. (In Chinese).
- Wang, L., & Tang, Z. (2021). Why rural teachers often make up for their vacancies: based on the analysis of the implementation deviation of staffing policy. Journal of the Chinese Society of Education, 11, 55-60. (In Chinese).
- Wang, S., & Yan, W. (2022). Practical logic and realization path of teaching innovation team construction of teachers in higher vocational colleges. Chinese Vocational and Technical Education, 11, 30-35. (In Chinese).
- Wang, S., & Yang, Y. (2022). The current situation and optimization of the allocation of urban kindergarten teacher resources in the context of the three-child birth policy in China. Journal of Beijing Institute of Education, 36(3), 24-31. (In Chinese).
- Wang, W., & Zheng, Y. (2016). Problems, dilemmas, and path selection of teacher rotation system. Teaching and Management: Middle School Edition, 1, 4-6. (In Chinese).
- Wang, X. (2011). Reflections on personnel management system in colleges and universities. Heilongjiang Higher Education Research, 3, 43-45. (In Chinese).
- Wang, X., Wu, Y., Huang, X, Bai, Y., Zhu, Z., & Chen, C. (2021). Deepening reform in academic rank review system in the new era: achievements, problems, and reflection. China Higher Education Research, 6, 72-77. (In Chinese).
- Wu, J. (2022). On the inclusive stratified cultivation mode for regional preschool teachers. Studies in Early Childhood Education, 3, 79-82. (In Chinese).
- Wu, T. (2019). Application of incentive mechanism in personnel management of colleges and universities. Management Observations, 2, 133-134. (In Chinese).
- Wu, Z. (2017). Integrity and innovation to promote the construction of teacher assessment and evaluation systems. China Higher Education, 12, 10-11. (In Chinese).
- Xia, Y. (2022). Evolution and development of methodological approaches for personnel management in Chinese educational institutions. Scientific Bulletin of Odessa National Economic University, 8 (297), 7-11.
- Xiong, W. (2010). Performance evaluation of primary and secondary schools based on the orientation of teacher independent development. Teaching Monthly: Middle School Edition, 4, 3-5. (In Chinese).
- Xu, Q. (2017). Review of research on kindergarten teacher qualification system in recent ten years. Early Education: Teaching and Research Edition, 0(1), 17-22. (In Chinese).
- Xu, Y., & Xu, Y. (2020). Evolutionary logic and thinking in staffing policy of primary and secondary school teachers in China. Teaching and Administration, 33, 32-35. (In Chinese).
- Yan, S. (2022). Innovation research on human resource management in colleges and universities under the background of “Double First-Class” construction. Business Culture, 2, 119-121. (In Chinese).
- Yu, D., & Liang, H. (2008). The research on teachers of preschool education in rural areas. Studies in Preschool Education, 2, 13-16. (In Chinese).
- Zhang, H. (2020). The development dilemma and optimization path of personnel agency system in colleges and universities – Analysis on personnel agent text of eight public universities in Chongqing. Social Sciences of Beijing, 3, 47-58. (In Chinese).
- Zhang, L., & Tong, S. (2021). The changes and prospects of rural teacher’s salary policy since the reform and opening-up – From the perspective of historical institutionalism. Education Research Monthly, 11, 46-53. (In Chinese).
- Zong, J. (2020). The institutionalized course and modern construction of teacher qualification in China. Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 133-140. (In Chinese).