Subjective vitality of night workers: Association with physical and mental health

Drawing on the legitimacy theory framework, this study introduces an alternative means to spot “fuzzy reporting” signals as a way to detect greenwashing at the firm level. Its approach is based on the way the sustainability reporting process can mislead stakeholders after critical incidents take place. In order to do so, a single environmental incident, which took place in Colombia, is analyzed in light of what happened before, during and afterwards, with special emphasis on the corporate disclosure process performed by the company involved. Results obtained give support to the assumption that fuzzy reporting can be objectively detected not only through the analysis of annual sustainability reports, but also by tracking other forms of corporate messages when a specific concern is carefully followed. This study’s contribution is two-fold. First, it builds on the theoretical notions of greenwashing and fuzzy reporting by illustrating a practical and objective way to identify some deceiving corporate practices. Second, it empirically evaluates this approach in a sensitive context in order to obtain better illustration and prepare the groundwork for further studies.

This study seeks to analyze and describe the business dynamics of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the commerce and services sector in the municipality of Palmira, Colombia. In addition, it aims at analyzing the organizational characteristics (internal and external) to determine the factors that influence the strengthening of the variables that make them more or less competitive. The study used the estimation of an econometric model and data from 219 SMEs registered with the Chamber of Commerce1 – Palmira 2017. In addition to several investigations with similar claims that seek to study the variables that relate to organizational competitiveness and how this aspect is classified as a fundamental factor in the state of success or business failure in the world, it was found that variables such as the contribution that technical support programs make to strengthen the SMEs.
Good management and knowledge of the financial situation of the company and the correct management of relations with suppliers are the variables that most influence the dynamics and internal and market behavior of companies in Palmira.
It is evident that more than 40% of the companies surveyed have not been trained in issues associated with competitiveness, which indicates that there are weaknesses related to the synergies that should exist between the SMEs and the institutions that provide technical support. Consequently, companies that have received training are expected to receive higher sales from the strategies learned in these trainings.

The study aims to establish the moderation of transformational leadership in the relationship between technostress and academic performance of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was of a quantitative nature with the support of the deductive method and of an explanatory correlational type. Technostress was measured with an instrument adapted from the RED-Technostress scale; transformational leadership was measured with an instrument adapted from the short version of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X model; and academic performance was measured with a scale developed by the authors. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used, and the constructs were evaluated using SEM and SPSS AMOS software. In total, 245 questionnaires were administered. The results show a negative and significant relationship between transformational leadership and technostress (–0.338; p < 0.00), a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership and academic performance (0.472; p < 0.00), a negative and significant direct relationship between technostress and academic performance (–0.553; p < 0.00), and moderation of transformational leadership of the relationship between technostress and academic performance (–0.159; p < 0.00). Thus, teacher leadership moderates the relationship between technostress and students’ academic performance, i.e., a high level of transformational leadership practices of teachers allows a lower impact of technostress and its manifestations on the students’ academic performance. Likewise, technostress manifested by students was relatively low, lower than the levels expected and evidenced in other studies carried out in the business environment, possibly explained by their age and their being in a context of continuous learning.

Acknowledgment
The authors thank the Universidad Surcolombiana for their support in the development of this study.