Pull environment of migration in the EU countries: Migration vector from Ukraine
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(4).2021.23
-
Article InfoVolume 19 2021, Issue #4, pp. 283-300
- Cited by
- 556 Views
-
203 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The growing Ukrainian migration towards EU countries determines the need for evaluation of pull factors shaping their environment to regulate these processes better. The study aims to assess the EU’s pull environment attracting migrants, and evaluate the elasticity of Ukrainian total and labor migration to the change of social and economic factors in EU countries. The data are collected for the period from 2005 to 2018. The method involves weighting the indicators and sub-indices with the following calculating partial and integral indices of the pull environment of migration for selected EU countries (the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain) and the EU-28. During 2005–2018, the integral level of pull environment of migration in the EU-28 was above average, whereas the most attractive countries for external migrants were Germany, the Czech Republic, Spain, and Italy. In terms of the intensity of total migration from Ukraine in 2018, Poland (236.06 departures per 1,000 Ukrainians), Hungary (73.6), Germany (12.6), and Italy (7.3) are among the main destinations. While the intensity of Ukrainian migration is high, its growth rate depends on the time lag (different elasticities in the medium and long run). The integral analysis of the pull environment has a practical value allowing to conduct migration intensity and elasticity evaluation, as well as the cross-country pull-factor analysis (pull strength) for substantiating the improvement of regulatory and methodological provisions of migration policies for both Ukraine and the hosting EU states.
Acknowledgment
The study has been conducted within the framework of applied research “Mechanisms of the proactive policy for reducing social vulnerability of the population (based on the Carpathian region of Ukraine)” (M. Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Reg. No. 0121U112014, 2021–2023).
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)F22, R11
-
References34
-
Tables5
-
Figures2
-
- Figure 1. Significance of the components of the pull environment of migration (five groups of indicators) in some EU countries
- Figure 2. Intensity of total and labor migration of the population from Ukraine to the EU, 2010–2018
-
- Table A1. Indicators of the pull environment of population migration
- Table B1. Weighting coefficients of indicator significance of the migration pull environment
- Table C1. Time series of the indices for groups of indicators (Zktn) and integral indices (Itnpull) of the pull environment of migration in EU countries
- Table D1. Intensity of population migration from Ukraine to selected EU countries, 2010–2018
- Table E1. Intensity elasticity of Ukrainian total and labor migration in relation to the change of social and economic pull factors in EU countries
-
- Abdou, L. H. (2020). ‘Push or pull’? Framing immigration in times of crisis in the European Union and the United States. Journal of European Integration, 42(5), 643-658.
- Bilan, Y. (2017). Migration of the Ukrainian population: Economic, institutional and sociocultural factors. London: Ubiquity Press.
- Didkivska, L. (2020). Causes and consequences of intellectual migration in Ukraine. Economy of Ukraine, 3, 65-76.
- Drbohlav, D., & Jaroszewicz, M. (2016). Ukrainian Migration in Times of Crisis: Forced and Labor Mobility. Prague: Charles University.
- Fassi, E., & Lucarelli, S. (2021). The EU Migration System and Global Justice: An Assessment. In M. Ceccorulli, E. Fassi, & S. Lucarelli (Eds.), The EU Migration System of Governance. The European Union in International Affairs (pp. 259-277). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Fedyuk, O., & Kindler, M. (2016). Migration of Ukrainians to the European Union: Background and key issues. In O. Fedyuk, & M. Kindler (Eds.), Ukrainian Migration to the European Union (pp. 1-14). Cham: Springer.
- Habchak, N., & Dubis, L. (2019). Labor migration of the population of Ukraine to the countries of the European Union: factors and risks of influence. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 28(1), 59-67.
- Heyets, V. (2016). Ekonomika Ukrainy: Kliuchovi Problemy I Perspektyvy [Ukraine’s Economy: Key Problems and Prospects]. Ekonomika i prohnozuvannia – Economy and Forecasting, 1, 7-22. (In Ukrainian).
- Ihnatenko, Т., Parkhomenko, V., & Tarasenko, А. (2019). Ukraine in the Contemporary Integration Processes: Preconditions and Problems. Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit, 4, 83-91.
- Ilyash, О. (2015). Strategic priorities of Ukraine’s social security concept development and implementation. Economic Annals XXI, 7-8(1), 20-23.
- Jaroszewicz, M., & Kaźmierkiewicz, P. (2014). Does Ukraine Have a Policy on Emigration? Transcending the State-Centered Approach. Central and Eastern European Migration Review, 3(1), 11-26.
- Kazlauskienė, A., & Rinkevičius, L. (2006). Lithuanian “brain drain” causes: Push and pull factors. Engineering Economics, 46, 27-37.
- Kostrytsia, V., & Burlay, T. (2020). Imbalances and divergence in employment: EU and Ukraine’s approaches to overcome it. Ukrainian Society, 1(72), 83-107.
- Kupets, O. (2016). Economic aspects of Ukrainian migration to EU countries. In O. Fedyuk, & M. Kindler (Eds.), Ukrainian migration to the European Union (pp. 35-50). Cham: Springer.
- Landesmann, M., Leitner, S. M., & Mara, I. (2015). Intra-EU Mobility and Push and Pull Factors in EU Labor Markets: Estimating a Panel VAR Model (Working Paper No. 120). The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw).
- Levytska, O., Mulska, O., Ivaniuk, U., Kunytska-Iliash, M., Vasyltsiv, T., & Lupak, R. (2020). Modelling the Conditions Affecting Population Migration Activity in the Eastern European Region: The Case of Ukraine. TEM Journal, 9(2), 507-514.
- Libanova, E. (2019a). Labor migration from Ukraine: key features, drivers and impact. Economics and Sociology, 12(1), 313-328.
- Libanova, E. (2019b). Pro Osnovni Polozhennia Natsionalnoi Dopovidi “Ukrainske Suspilstvo: Mihratsiinyi Vymir” [On the main provisions of the National Report “Ukrainian Society: Migration Dimension”]. Visnyk Natsionalnoi Academii Nauk Ukrainy – Bulletin of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, 36-43. (In Ukrainian).
- Lücke, M., & Saha, D. (2019). Labor migration from Ukraine: Changing destinations, growing macroeconomic impact (Policy Studies Series No. PS/02/2019). Berlin/Kyiv.
- Melnyk, L., Dehtyarova, I., Kubatko, O., Karintseva, O., & Derykolenko, A. (2019). Disruptive technologies for the transition of digital economies towards sustainability. Economic Annals-XXI, 179(9-10), 22-30.
- Melnyk, L., Kubatko, O., Matsenko, O., Balatskyi, Y., & Serdyukov, K. (2021). Transformation of the human capital reproduction in line with Industries 4.0 and 5.0. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(2), 480-494.
- Moral-Pajares, E., & Jiménez-Jiménez, F. (2014). Migration within the EU-15: Pull Factors and Choice of Destination. Revista de economía mundial, 37, 181-200.
- Mulska, O., Levytska, O., Panchenko, V., Kohut, M., & Vasyltsiv, T. (2020). Causality of external population migration intensity and regional socio-economic development of Ukraine. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(3), 426-437.
- Pietnoczka, P. (2018). Eurointegracyjna droga Ukrainy [Ukraine’s path to European integration]. Przeglad Wschodnioeuropejski, 9(1), 153-165. (In Polish).
- Pozniak, O. (2012). External labor migration in Ukraine as a factor in socio-demographic and economic development (CARIM-East Research Report No. 2012/14). Migration Policy Centre.
- Pusch, B., & Aydın, Y. (2012). Migration of highly qualified German citizens with Turkish background from Germany to Turkey: Socio-political factors and individual motives. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 8(4), 471-490.
- Sadova, U. (2019). Mihratsiia V Umovakh Transformatsii Rehionalnykh Rynkiv Pratsi Ukrainy: Mekhanizmy Rehuliuvannia [Migration in terms of transformation of regional labor markets of Ukraine: mechanisms of regulation]. Lviv: M. Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. (In Ukrainian).
- Skripnichenko, M. (2007). Modeli endohennoho zrostannia ekonomiky Ukrainy [Models of endogenous growth of the economy of Ukraine]. Kyiv: Institute of Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine. (In Ukrainian).
- State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. (n.d.). Database.
- State Migration Service of Ukraine. (n.d.). Mihratsiinyi profil [Migration Profile]. (In Ukrainian).
- State Statistics Service of Ukraine. (n.d.). Statistical Information (Demographic and Social Statistics 2002–2020). (In Ukrainian).
- Van Mol, C., Snel, E., Hemmerechts, K., & Timmerman, C. (2018). Migration aspirations and migration cultures: A case study of Ukrainian migration towards the European Union. Population, space and place, 24(5), e2131.
- Vasyltsiv, T., Lupak, R., & Kunytska-Iliash, M. (2019). Social Security of Ukraine and the EU: aspects of convergence and improvement of migration policy. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 5(4), 50-58.
- Wunderlich, D. (2012). The limits of external governance: implementing EU external migration policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 19(9), 1414-1433.