Workplace spirituality, employee engagement, and professional commitment: A study of lecturers from Indonesian universities
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.28
-
Article InfoVolume 19 2021, Issue #2, pp. 346-356
- Cited by
- 1137 Views
-
931 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The attention paid by researchers and practitioners to the relationship between employee engagement and spirituality in the workplace is limited, as studies of the two variables still stand alone. This leads to an important and increased emphasis on strength and employee engagement that are built on the organizational culture to show an awareness of spirituality in the workplace. This study aimed to explore the relationship between workplace spirituality and employee engagement of lecturers in Indonesia and professional commitment as a mediator. The respondents of the study were 322 lecturers from state and private universities in Indonesia. Validity, reliability, simple regression, and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that workplace spirituality had a direct effect on employee engagement, with the β value of 0.836, and the R-square of 70%, while professional commitment had a mediating effect on the relationship between workplace spirituality and employee engagement, with the β value of 0.162 and the R-square of 72.3%. The results suggest that the implementation of workplace spirituality and employee engagement is important for universities to improve the performance of their lecturers.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)J24, J53
-
References43
-
Tables4
-
Figures2
-
- Figure 1. The relationship between workplace spirituality, employee engagement and professional commitment
- Figure 2. Mediation model of workplace sprituality and employee engagement using professional commitment as a mediating variable
-
- Table 1. Respondents’ profile
- Table 2. Validity and reliability test results
- Table 3. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations among variables
- Tabel 4. Hypothesis testing results
-
- Afsar, B., & Rehman, M. (2015). The relationship between workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: the mediating role of perceived person-organization fit. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 12(4), 329-353.
- Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: a conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.
- Aydin, B., & Ceylan, A. (2009). The Role of Organizational Culture on Effectiveness. Ekonomika A Management, 12(3), 33-48.
- Bakker, A. B. (Ed.), & Leiter, M. (2010). Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. Psychology Press.
- Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209-223.
- Ballout, H. I. (2009). Career commitment and career success: moderating role of self-efficacy. Career Development International, 14, 655-670.
- Baskar, B., & Indradevi, R. (2020). Workplace spirituality and employee engagement. An empirical exploration in non-governmental organizations. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(9), 8458-8473.
- Bates, S. (2004). Getting engaged. HR Magazine, 49(2), 44-51.
- Çağri San, B., & Tok, T. N. (2017). The relationship between teacher’s work engagement and organizational commitment. Pamukkale University Journal of Social Science Institute, 26, 355-370.
- Cavanagh, G. F. (1999). Spirituality for managers: contex and critique. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(3), 186-199.
- Endres, G. M., & Mancheno-Smoak, L. (2008). The human resource craze: human performance improvement and employee engagement. Organization Development Journal; Spring, 26(1), 69-78.
- Fernando, M., & Jackson, B. (2006). The influence of religion-based workplace spirituality on business leaders’s decision-making: an inter-faith study. Journal of Management and Organization, 12, 23-39.
- Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spirituality leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 693-727.
- Harini, S., Luddin, M. R., & Hamidah. (2019). Work life balance, job satisfaction, work engagement, organizational commitment among lecturers. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 14(7), 2195-2202.
- Harrington, D., Pintello, D., Bean, N., & Mathews, D. (2001). Job satisfaction and burnout. Administration in Social Work, 25(3), 1-16.
- Hill, P. C., & Smith, G. S. (2010). Coming to terms with spirituality and religion in the workplace. In R. A. Giacalone & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance (pp. 171-184). Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
- Karadag, E. (2009). Spiritual leadership and organizational culture: a study of structural equation modeling. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 9(3), 1391-1405.
- Ke, J., Zhang, F., Yan, X., Fu, Y. (2017). The effect of university teacher’s workplace spirituality on employee engagement: professional commitment as mediator. Creative Education, 8, 2147-2154.
- Konrad, B. A. M. (2006) Engaging employees through high-involvement work practices. Ivey Business Journal (Online).
- Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A. (2010). Organizational Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Laabs, J. J. (1995). Balancing Spirituality and Work. Personnel Journal, 79(9), 60-69.
- Lee, J. (2012). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement: empirical study of hotel employees and managers (Ph.D. Dissertation). Kansas State University.
- Margaretha, M., Saragih, S., Mariana, A., & Frederick, A. E. S. (2020). Workplace spirituality, organizational citizenship behavior, perceived organizational support: study from Indonesian Islamic banking employees. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(2s), 1032-1043.
- Margaretha, M., Widiastuti, R., Zaniarti, S., & Wijaya, H. (2018). Employee engagement and factors that influence: experiences of lecturers in Indonesia. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 4(6), 34-42.
- Mariani, K., Asmony, T., & Nurmayanti, S. (2020). The effect of workplace spirituality on employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Innovation Science, Engineering & Technology, 7(8), 220-233.
- Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61-98.
- Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
- Musavi, S. M. K. (2016). Evaluation of the impact of professional commitment and work engagement on psychological empowerment of employees of social security organization in Guilan province, Rasht center. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 2624.
- Pawar, B. S. (2009). Individual spirituality, workplace spirituality and work attitudes an empirical test of direct and interaction effects. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(8), 759-777.
- Pfeffer, J. (2010). Business and the spirit: management practices that sustain values. In R. A. Giacalone & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 27-43). Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
- Rego, A., & Cunha, M. P. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53-75.
- Richman, A. (2006). Everyone wants an engaged workforce how can you create it? Workspan, 49, 36-39.
- Robbins, S., & Judge, T. (2017). Organizational Behavior (17th ed.). Pearson, USA.
- Rurkkhum, S. (2010). The relationship between employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior in Thai Organizations. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Minnesota.
- Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619.
- Saks, A. M. (2011). Workplace spirituality and employee engagement. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8(4), 317-340.
- Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Work engagement. What do we know and where do we go? Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology, 14(1), 3-10.
- Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: a cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701-716.
- Setiawan, I., & Prawirasuyasa, W. (2016). The effect of lecturer professional commitment and organizational culture on student learning behavior in the economic education study program. Equilibrium Journal, 14, 89-94.
- Sharma, P. K., & Kurma, R. (2020). Relationship between workplace spirituality, organizational justice and mental health: mediation role of employee engagement. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 17(5), 627-650.
- Shuck, M. B., Rocco, T. S., & Albornoz, C. A. (2011). Exploring employee engagement from the employee perspective: implications for HRD. Journal of European Industrial Training, 35, 300-325.
- Whittington, J. L., Asare, E., Meskelis, S., & Beldona, S. (2017). Enhancing Employee Engagement: An Evidence-Based Approach. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Yadnyawati. (2012). Analisis pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap employee engagement (Analysis influence of organizational culture toward employee engagement). (Unpublished thesis/Tesis Tidak Dipublikasikan). Master Program of University of Indonesia.