Blockchain affordances and trust pathways to purchase intention and loyalty in e-commerce: Evidence from Vietnam

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Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
Trust remains an important issue in consumer adoption of e-commerce, particularly in contexts characterized by information asymmetry and perceived online transaction risk. This study examines how perceived blockchain-enabled affordances, including transparency, security, decentralization, and control, are associated with consumer trust and how trust relates to purchase intention and loyalty, while testing the moderating role of blockchain literacy. Data were collected through a purposive online survey of Vietnamese e-commerce users between March and June 2025. The questionnaire was administered using Google Forms and distributed through e-commerce-related groups, blockchain-related communities, university networks, and social media platforms. After screening incomplete and low-quality responses, 427 valid questionnaires from respondents with prior experience of blockchain-enabled applications were retained for analysis using PLS-SEM. The results show that transparency (β = 0.29, p < 0.001) and security (β = 0.25, p < 0.001) are positively associated with consumer trust, followed by decentralization (β = 0.17, p = 0.001) and perceived control (β = 0.14, p = 0.011). Moderation tests indicate that blockchain literacy strengthens the effects of transparency (β = 0.11, p = 0.005) and security (β = 0.09, p = 0.024) on trust. The model explains meaningful variance in trust (R² = 0.61), purchase intention (R² = 0.57), and loyalty (R² = 0.53). These findings suggest that blockchain may contribute to consumer trust in e-commerce when transparency and security are made visible, understandable, and relevant to consumers through platform design and communication.

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    • Figure 1. Research model and hypotheses
    • Figure 2. Structural model results
    • Figure 3A. Simple slope of the moderating effect of blockchain literacy on the relationship between perceived transparency and consumer trust
    • Figure 3B. Simple slope of the moderating effect of blockchain literacy on the relationship between perceived security and consumer trust
    • Table 1. Measurement scales, sources, and item counts
    • Table 2. Respondent profile (n = 427)
    • Table 3. Reliability and convergent validity of constructs
    • Table 4. Fornell-Larcker discriminant validity matrix (√AVE on diagonal)
    • Table 5. Path coefficients and hypothesis testing results
    • Table 6. Mediation analysis results (bootstrapping, n = 427)
    • Table 7. Moderation analysis results (bootstrapping, n = 427)
    • Table A1. Summary of constructs and theoretical links
    • Conceptualization
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Data curation
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Formal Analysis
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Funding acquisition
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Investigation
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Methodology
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Project administration
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Resources
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Software
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Supervision
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Validation
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Visualization
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Writing – original draft
      Nguyen Duy Phuong
    • Writing – review & editing
      Nguyen Duy Phuong