Social marketing efficacy in driving attitudinal changes of female students: Escapade of campus prostitution in Nigerian universities

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Campus prostitution, quite different from traditional prostitution, is commonly known as “hook-up” and it is highly frowned upon as a major social vice in Nigeria. This study examined the potentials of Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp in influencing the attitudinal change of female students toward campus prostitution in Nigerian universities. The population comprises female students in select universities in Southeastern Nigeria. However, Cochran’s formula was used to determine the sample size. Snowball sampling was used in selecting every identified hook-up girl who subsequently contacted a co-prostitute via referral after being offered monetary incentive. A pilot survey was conducted, and the study obtained Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.890. Furthermore, 384 structured questionnaires were distributed, and 325 were adequately returned. Hence, simple linear regression was used to analyze the data and the findings revealed that Facebook messages significantly and positively influence the attitudinal change of female students toward campus prostitution (r = 0.981; t = 157.402; F = 24775.501; p < 0.05). Similarly, Twitter messages significantly and positively influence the attitudinal change of female students toward campus prostitution (r = 0.977; t = 144.375; F = 20844.055; p < 0.05). Lastly, WhatsApp messages significantly and positively influence the attitudinal change of female students toward campus prostitution (r = 0.984; t = 174.458; F = 30435.505; p < 0.05). Thus, these tools are potentially effective and should be adopted by the university authorities to engender high moral standards.

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    • Figure 1. Hypothetical causal model results
    • Table 1. Facebook effects on attitudinal changes of female students toward campus prostitution
    • Table 2. Model summaryb
    • Table 3. ANOVAa
    • Table 4. Coefficientsa
    • Table 5. Twitter effects on attitudinal changes of female students toward campus prostitution
    • Table 6. Model summaryb
    • Table 7. ANOVAa
    • Table 8. Coefficientsa
    • Table 9. WhatsApp effects on attitudinal changes of female students toward campus prostitution
    • Table 10. Model summaryb
    • Table 11. ANOVAa
    • Table 12. Coefficientsa
    • Table 13. Summary results for hypotheses testing
    • Conceptualization
      Victor O. Okolo, Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi, Charles Eze Obeta
    • Data curation
      Victor O. Okolo, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi
    • Formal Analysis
      Victor O. Okolo, Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi, Charles Eze Obeta
    • Investigation
      Victor O. Okolo, Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi, Charles Eze Obeta
    • Methodology
      Victor O. Okolo, Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi, Charles Eze Obeta
    • Project administration
      Victor O. Okolo, Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi, Charles Eze Obeta
    • Resources
      Victor O. Okolo, Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi, Charles Eze Obeta
    • Software
      Victor O. Okolo, Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi
    • Supervision
      Victor O. Okolo, Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi, Charles Eze Obeta
    • Validation
      Victor O. Okolo, Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi, Charles Eze Obeta
    • Visualization
      Victor O. Okolo, Charles Eze Obeta
    • Writing – original draft
      Victor O. Okolo, Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi, Charles Eze Obeta
    • Writing – review & editing
      Victor O. Okolo, Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi, Charles Eze Obeta
    • Funding acquisition
      Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom, Gbemisola Ogbolu, Ifeanyichukwu Oranusi, Charles Eze Obeta