Analysis of asymmetry factors in the development of the EU tourism industry
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.16(4).2020.10
-
Article InfoVolume 16 2020, Issue #4, pp. 117-128
- Cited by
- 818 Views
-
137 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The effects of the economic recession and the COVID-19 crisis call for more active support for the tourism industry. To pursue a supranational tourism policy and create a favorable marketing environment at the national level, it is necessary to consider the objective differences between member states and their characteristics in the field of tourism. This study aims to highlight the main factors that characterize the asymmetry of the tourism industry in the EU countries, which allows ensuring the competitiveness of national tourism companies through the formation of an appropriate marketing strategy. The research methodology includes calculation of the asymmetry coefficient and cluster and classification analysis based on Eurostat data.
At the first stage, 27 indicators were selected that characterize the structural proportions of the tourism industry and the intensity of tourism in the EU countries. Based on the calculation of the asymmetry coefficient, a high level of heterogeneity of the tourism industry parameters in the EU countries for each of the indicators was demonstrated. At the second stage, clustering (algorithm – k-means, metric – Euclidean distance) of the EU countries was carried out according to the selected indicators. As a result, eight clusters were obtained, which showed asymmetry in developing national tourism sectors in the EU. At the third stage, as a result of classification (method – decision trees), seven combinations of indicators were identified, which completely distinguish the resulting clusters of the EU countries. The parameters included in these combinations are, in fact, the main factors of the asymmetry in the development of the EU tourism industry.
Based on the analysis of the asymmetric development of the tourism industry by country, it is possible to determine its growth points and competitiveness drivers in the EU internal market and identify marketing strategies.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)М31, L83, O57, C38
-
References41
-
Tables4
-
Figures0
-
- Table 1. List of selected indicators for assessing the EU tourism industry, 2019
- Table 2. The results of calculating the asymmetry coefficient of indicators for assessing the EU tourism industry
- Table 3. Clusters of the EU countries according to tourism industry assessment indicators*
- Table 4. Parametric analysis of the main asymmetry factors in the development of the EU tourism industry by the obtained clusters
-
- Algieri, B., Aquino, A., & Succurro, M. (2016). Drivers of comparative advantages in tourism: The EU-case. Annals of Tourism Research, 61, 247-250.
- Amaral, R., & Serra, J. (2019). Back to the Same Place of Holidays. An Analysis of European Tourists’ Preferences Towards Cultural Tourism. In Trends in Tourist Behavior. Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management. Springer, Cham.
- Andria, J., Tollo, G., & Pesenti, R. (2019). A Fuzzy Evaluation of Tourism Sustainability. In Business and Consumer Analytics: New Ideas. Springer, Cham.
- Antolini, F., & Grassini, L. (2020). Methodological problems in the economic measurement of tourism: the need for new sources of information. Quality & Quantity, 54, 1769-1780.
- Aytuğ, H.K., & Mikaeili, M. (2017). Evaluation of Hopa’s Rural Tourism Potential in the Context of European Union Tourism Policy. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 37, 234-245.
- Barišić, P., & Cvetkoska, V. (2020). Analyzing the Efficiency of Travel and Tourism in the European Union. In Advances in Operational Research in the Balkans. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham.
- Barrios, S., & Ibañez, J.N. (2015). Time is of the essence: adaptation of tourism demand to climate change in Europe. Climatic Change, 132, 645-660.
- Batista e Silva, F., Marín-Herrera, M. A., Rosina, K., Ribeiro Barranco, R., Freire, S., & Schiavina, M. (2018). Analysing spatiotemporal patterns of tourism in Europe at high-resolution with conventional and big data sources. Tourism Management, 68, 101-115.
- Boghean, C., & State, M. (2019). Statistical Correlation between Tourism and Poverty in EU Countries. In Caring and Sharing: The Cultural Heritage Environment as an Agent for Change. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham.
- Breiling, M. (2020). A Contingent Resource-Based Perspective of Tourism Value Chain and Robustness: European Experiences. In Supply Chain Resilience. Springer, Singapore.
- Díaz-Carrión, R., Navajas-Romero, V., & Casas-Rosal, J.-C. (2020). Comparing working conditions and job satisfaction in hospitality workers across Europe. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90.
- Estol, J., & Font, X. (2016). European tourism policy: Its evolution and structure. Tourism Management, 52, 230-241.
- Everitt, B., Landau, S., Leese, M., & Stahl, D. (2011). Cluster Analysis. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Ferrante, M., Lo Magno, G.L., & De Cantis, S. (2018) Measuring tourism seasonality across European countries. Tourism Management, 68, 220-235.
- Gabor, M. R., Conţiu, L., & Oltean, F. D. (2012). A Comparative Analysis Regarding European Tourism Competitiveness: Emerging Versus Developed Markets. Procedia Economics and Finance, 3, 361-366.
- Holleran, M. (2020). Tourism, Urbanization, and the Evolving Periphery of the European Union. Palgrave Pivot, Singapore.
- Kuliš, Z., Šimundić, B., & Pivčević, S. (2018). The Analysis of Tourism and Economic Growth Relationship in Central and Eastern European Countries. In Economy, Finance and Business in Southeastern and Central Europe. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham.
- Li, X., & Law, R. (2020). Network analysis of big data research in tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33.
- Lyócsa, Š., Vašaničová, P., & Litavcová, E. (2019). Interconnectedness of international tourism demand in Europe: A cross-quantilogram network approach. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 526.
- Malec, L., Hamarneh, I., Poživil, J., & Pavlíček, A. (2020). Comparative analysis of the accommodation capacities in selected European tourist destinations. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(1), 345-358.
- Mayer, M., Zbaraszewski, W., Pieńkowski, D., Gach, G., & Gernert, J. (2019). Cross-Border Politics and Development in the European Union with a Focus on Tourism. In Cross-Border Tourism in Protected Areas. Geographies of Tourism and Global Change. Springer, Cham.
- Mazaraki, A., Boiko, M., Bosovska, M., Vedmid, N., & Okhrimenko, A. (2018). Formation of the national tourism system of Ukraine. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 16(1), 68-84.
- Melián-González, S., & Bulchand-Gidumal, J. (2020). Employment in tourism: The jaws of the snake in the hotel industry. Tourism Management, 80.
- Mura, L., & Kljucnikov, A. (2018). Small Businesses in Rural Tourism and Agrotourism: Study from Slovakia. Economics and Sociology, 11(3), 286-300.
- Nicolescu, L., & Ana, M-I. (2018). The Effects of European Integration in the Tourism Industry: Consequences of the Last Accession Waves. In Doing Business in Europe. Contributions to Management Science. Springer, Cham.
- Nielsen, T. S., & Kaae, B. C. (2008). Tourism geography in Europe. In Sustainability Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
- Park, S., Xu, Y., Jiang, L., Chen, Zh., & Huang, Sh. (2020). Spatial structures of tourism destinations: A trajectory data mining approach leveraging mobile big data. Annals of Tourism Research, 84.
- Pasquinelli, C., & Bellini, N. (2017). Global Context, Policies and Practices in Urban Tourism: An Introduction. In Tourism in the City. Springer, Cham.
- Pitchayadejanant, K., & Nakpathom, P. (2018). Data mining approach for arranging and clustering the agro-tourism activities in orchard. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 39(3), 407-413.
- Robaina, M., & Madaleno, M. (2019). Resources: Eco-efficiency, Sustainability and Innovation in Tourism. In The Future of Tourism. Springer, Cham.
- Robaina, M., Madaleno, M., Silva, S., Eusébio, C., Carneiro, M.J., Gama, C., Oliveira, K., Russo, M.A., & Monteiro, A. (2020) The relationship between tourism and air quality in five European countries. Economic Analysis and Policy, 67, 261-272.
- Roskladka, A., Roskladka, N., Dluhopolskyi, O., Kharlamova, G., & Kiziloglu, M. (2018). Data analysis and forecasting of tourism development in Ukraine. Innovative Marketing, 14(4), 19-33.
- Ruukel, A., Reimann, M., & Tooman, H. (2020). Rural Tourism as a Tool for Sustainable Development: Lessons Learned in Estonia. In Tourism Development in Post-Soviet Nations. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
- Shaheen, K., Zaman, K., Batool, R., Khurshid, M. A., Aamir, A., Shoukry, A. M., Sharkawy, M. A., Aldeek, F., Khader, J., & Gani, S. (2019). Dynamic linkages between tourism, energy, environment, and economic growth: evidence from top 10 tourism-induced countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 31273-31283.
- Sokhanvar, A. (2019). Does foreign direct investment accelerate tourism and economic growth within Europe? Tourism Management, 29, 86-96.
- Van der Schyff, T., Meyer, D., & Ferreira, L. (2019). An analysis of impact of the tourism sector as a viable response to South Africa’s growth and development challenges. Journal of International Studies, 12(1), 168-183.
- Vasylenko, Y. A., & Shevchenko, H. Y. (1979). Analytical Method for Test Finding. Avtomatyka, 2, 3-8.
- Weiss, R., Zuzik, J., Weiss, E., Labant, S., & Gergeľová, M. (2018). Analyzing the risk of entrepreneurship in tourist traffic. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 16(1), 199-206.
- Xu, X., Law, R., Chen, W., & Tang, L. (2016). Forecasting tourism demand by extracting fuzzy Takagi–Sugeno rules from trained SVMs. CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology, 1(1), 30-42.
- Yan, L., Gao, B.W., & Zhang, M. (2017). A mathematical model for tourism potential assessment. Tourism Management, 63, 355-365.
- Zenker, S., & Kock, F. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic – A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda. Tourism Management, 81.