Analysis of asymmetry factors in the development of the EU tourism industry

  • Received October 2, 2020;
    Accepted December 4, 2020;
    Published December 21, 2020
  • Author(s)
  • DOI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.16(4).2020.10
  • Article Info
    Volume 16 2020, Issue #4, pp. 117-128
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The effects of the economic recession and the COVID-19 crisis call for more active support for the tourism industry. To pursue a supranational tourism policy and create a favorable marketing environment at the national level, it is necessary to consider the objective differences between member states and their characteristics in the field of tourism. This study aims to highlight the main factors that characterize the asymmetry of the tourism industry in the EU countries, which allows ensuring the competitiveness of national tourism companies through the formation of an appropriate marketing strategy. The research methodology includes calculation of the asymmetry coefficient and cluster and classification analysis based on Eurostat data.
At the first stage, 27 indicators were selected that characterize the structural proportions of the tourism industry and the intensity of tourism in the EU countries. Based on the calculation of the asymmetry coefficient, a high level of heterogeneity of the tourism industry parameters in the EU countries for each of the indicators was demonstrated. At the second stage, clustering (algorithm – k-means, metric – Euclidean distance) of the EU countries was carried out according to the selected indicators. As a result, eight clusters were obtained, which showed asymmetry in developing national tourism sectors in the EU. At the third stage, as a result of classification (method – decision trees), seven combinations of indicators were identified, which completely distinguish the resulting clusters of the EU countries. The parameters included in these combinations are, in fact, the main factors of the asymmetry in the development of the EU tourism industry.
Based on the analysis of the asymmetric development of the tourism industry by country, it is possible to determine its growth points and competitiveness drivers in the EU internal market and identify marketing strategies.

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    • Table 1. List of selected indicators for assessing the EU tourism industry, 2019
    • Table 2. The results of calculating the asymmetry coefficient of indicators for assessing the EU tourism industry
    • Table 3. Clusters of the EU countries according to tourism industry assessment indicators*
    • Table 4. Parametric analysis of the main asymmetry factors in the development of the EU tourism industry by the obtained clusters
    • Conceptualization
      Maxim Polyakov, Vladimir Bilozubenko
    • Formal Analysis
      Maxim Polyakov, Vladimir Bilozubenko, Natalia Nebaba, Maxim Korneyev, Yelyzaveta Saihak
    • Methodology
      Maxim Polyakov, Vladimir Bilozubenko
    • Investigation
      Maxim Polyakov, Vladimir Bilozubenko, Natalia Nebaba, Maxim Korneyev, Yelyzaveta Saihak
    • Project administration
      Maxim Polyakov
    • Software
      Maxim Polyakov, Vladimir Bilozubenko
    • Supervision
      Maxim Polyakov
    • Writing – original draft
      Maxim Polyakov, Vladimir Bilozubenko, Natalia Nebaba, Maxim Korneyev, Yelyzaveta Saihak
    • Data curation
      Vladimir Bilozubenko, Natalia Nebaba, Maxim Korneyev, Yelyzaveta Saihak
    • Resources
      Vladimir Bilozubenko, Natalia Nebaba, Maxim Korneyev, Yelyzaveta Saihak
    • Writing – review & editing
      Vladimir Bilozubenko, Natalia Nebaba, Maxim Korneyev, Yelyzaveta Saihak
    • Validation
      Natalia Nebaba, Maxim Korneyev, Yelyzaveta Saihak