The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on profitability performance and maqashid sharia performance in Islamic commercial banks in the ASEAN region

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The outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 has caused a crisis in various sectors, including the economic sector. In fact, its impact on the performance of Islamic banks in the ASEAN region is currently still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of COVID-19 on profitability performance and maqashid sharia performance in Islamic banks in the ASEAN region. Profitability performance is measured by return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA). The number of observations from this study was 202 with a sample of 30 Islamic commercial banks in the ASEAN region in 2015–2021. The data analysis technique used is EViews 12. The results show that COVID-19 has no significant effect on profitability performance in Islamic banks, whether measured by ROE or ROA. On the other hand, COVID-19 has a significant effect on reducing the maqashid sharia performance. In addition, company size has been proven to positively affect profitability performance and maqashid sharia performance in Islamic banks before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Operating expense ratio (OER) has been proven to affect ROE and ROA, whereas FDR and non-performing financing (NPF) have been proven to only affect ROA. OER influences promoting welfare, while FDR and NPF influence establishing justice. The study results confirm the ability of Islamic banks to generate profits amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. They also confirm the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on three aspects of maqashid sharia performance.

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    • Table 1. Study samples by country
    • Table 2. Research observations
    • Table 3. Hausman test
    • Table 4. Lagrange multiplier test
    • Table 5. First model
    • Table 6. Second model
    • Table 7. Third model
    • Table 8. Fourth model
    • Table 9. Fifth model
    • Table 10. Hypothesis testing results
    • Conceptualization
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna, Jana Siti Nor Khasanah
    • Formal Analysis
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna
    • Funding acquisition
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna, Jana Siti Nor Khasanah, Adolf Z.D. Siahay
    • Investigation
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna, Jana Siti Nor Khasanah, Adolf Z.D. Siahay
    • Methodology
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna
    • Project administration
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna, Jana Siti Nor Khasanah, Adolf Z.D. Siahay
    • Resources
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna, Jana Siti Nor Khasanah, Adolf Z.D. Siahay
    • Software
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna
    • Supervision
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna
    • Validation
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna, Jana Siti Nor Khasanah, Adolf Z.D. Siahay
    • Visualization
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna, Adolf Z.D. Siahay
    • Writing – original draft
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna
    • Writing – review & editing
      Kautsar Riza Salman, Entis Sutisna, Jana Siti Nor Khasanah, Adolf Z.D. Siahay
    • Data curation
      Jana Siti Nor Khasanah, Adolf Z.D. Siahay