Relationship between banking sector development and inclusive growth
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Author(s)Iryna SkliarLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0669-6523
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Hanna SaltykovaLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4614-8313
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Svitlana PokhylkoLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-2795
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Nataliia AntoniukLink to ORCID Index: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-3219
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DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(3).2020.07
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Article InfoVolume 15 2020, Issue #3, pp. 70-80
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137 Downloads
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
According to an inclusive growth framework, the top objectives of the economic policy shift from increasing incomes themselves to well-being. While banking sector development has conventionally been considered a growth factor, there is no clear understanding of its impact on inclusive growth. This article explores how the banking sector’s qualitative development, measured in dimensions of the services availability, lending supply, stability, and reliability of banking activity, relates to inclusive growth. To define the relations between banking system development and inclusive growth, the panel regression was employed for a sample of 46 economies selected based on the prescribed principles of sources reputability, methodology consistency, limits in data blanks, and differentiated into groups according to the World Bank’s classification.
The regressions’ assessment and involved tests show evidence of the quality of constructed models and present the following results. The banking availability, approximated with the number of automated teller machines, fosters inclusive growth regarding all groups of countries. In contrast, the increase in the number of commercial banking branches has inverse relations between high-income and upper-middle-income countries, and direct for lower-middle-income countries. The bank credit expansion negatively influences the inclusive growth for high income and lower-middle-income countries. The banking sector stability approximated with bank capital to assets ratio matters in terms of inclusive growth for high-income countries only, while this indicator for upper middle and lower middle economies is statistically insignificant.
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JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)G21, O40
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References43
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Tables7
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Figures1
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- Figure A1. Predictive margins with 95% for independent variable by groups
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- Table 1. List of independent variables
- Table 2. Descriptive statistics
- Table 3. Regression estimates
- Table А1. The list of countries in the panel
- Table А2. Breusch and Pagan Lagrange multiplier test for random effects and Sargan-Hansen statistic
- Table А3. Jarque-Bera normality test
- Table А4. Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) test for multicollinearity
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Exploring the environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 and SO2 for Southeast Asia in the 21st century context
Patrick Wijaya Tjoek , Pei-Ing Wu
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.09(1).2018.01
Environmental Economics Volume 9, 2018 Issue #1 pp. 7-21 Views: 2479 Downloads: 388 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThis study aims to investigate the relationships between economic development and environmental degradation regarding the emissions of CO2 and SO2 in Southeast Asia (SEA). The pooling data consist of 10 countries, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, in the period 2003-2012. Furthermore, income elasticity of CO2 and SO2 emissions is computed for each country to observe the sensitivity of environmental degradation through the emissions of CO2 and SO2 brought by economic development.
The results indicate that CO2 displays an inverted U-shape pattern, whereas SO2 has decreased at an increasing rate since 2003. It is expected that SO2 will increase as the SEA economies further develop. The turning points for both CO2 and SO2, indicate that the current SEA income level has not reached the turning point. The income elasticities show that income elasticities for CO2 are positive for all 10 countries. Both Singapore and Malaysia are classified as countries with high income. However, Singapore, with 0.64%, has the highest income elasticity, and Malaysia, with 0.15%, has the second lowest. There is no indication that wealthy countries have a significant impact on CO2 through economic development. Income elasticities for SO2 of each country are all negative. This suggests that SO2 is an inferior good. Brunei, with 8.41%, has the most sensitivity toward change in SO2 emissions, whereas Myanmar, with only 0.58%, is the least sensitive to SO2 emissions. -
Influence of employee-manager relationship on employee performance and productivity
Nosipho Pearl Dlamini ,
Sachin Suknunan ,
Anrusha Bhana 
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(3).2022.03
Problems and Perspectives in Management Volume 20, 2022 Issue #3 pp. 28-42 Views: 2391 Downloads: 560 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯOrganizational performance can be seen as dependent on employee job performance and productivity. One of the factors that influence employee job performance and productivity is the working relationship between employees and their managers. This paper examines the influence of the relationship between employees and their managers on enhancing employee performance and productivity. The study was conducted in a financial organization based in Durban (South Africa). A quantitative approach was utilized with a census method targeting a total population of 40 administrative employees. A questionnaire was constructed based on the research aims and was administered to all 40 respondents. As a result, the response rate was 65%. Key findings indicated that the relationship between managers and employees did affect employee performance and productivity. A positive relationship with a manager is closely linked to increased motivation and performance, while a negative relationship is linked with poor performance. An overall negative impact and high level of dissatisfaction amongst employees were found due to the current bureaucratic management style that managers adopt in their organization. Thus, it makes employees less productive and decreases their work performance. Furthermore, it was found that employees’ perception of their relationship with managers plays a significant role in predicting job performance. Recommendations for a better working relationship to promote employee performance and productivity include manager-employee training, team building activities, skills development programs for managers, employee rewards and recognition, increased communication platforms, and more consideration for employee well-being.
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The nexus between foreign direct investment and environmental sustainability in North Africa
Environmental Economics Volume 9, 2018 Issue #1 pp. 57-68 Views: 2175 Downloads: 442 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThis paper provides a study of the relationship between sustainable development and foreign direct investment (FDI) from an empirical point of view in the case of the North African countries during the period from 1985 to 2005. We use the cointegration test, the FMOLS (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares) model and the Granger causality test to examine this relationship. According to the empirical results, we confirm the existence of a cointegration relationship between the different series studied in this paper. Based on the cointegration test we can use the error correction model. Also, to test the effect of FDI on sustainable development in the North African countries, we make an estimate by FMOLS method. We found that the foreign direct investment has a positive impact on CO2 emissions. Also, the Granger Causality test confirms the presence of a bidirectional relationship between FDI and CO2 emissions (Carbon dioxide). That is to say, the FDI can cause CO2 emissions and CO2 emissions can cause FDI based on the Granger causality.
