Rianda Ridho Hafizh Thaha

Tax avoidance, often driven by managerial discretion, remains a critical issue in corporate governance due to its implications for financial transparency and regulatory compliance. This study investigates how Transfer Pricing, Thin Capitalization, Leverage, and CSR Disclosure – strategies employed by managers – affect Tax Avoidance and examines the mediating role of Financial Reporting Aggressiveness. Grounded in agency theory, the study analyzes data from 20 firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023 using PLS-SEM. The findings reveal that Transfer Pricing (β = 0.062, p = 0.002), Leverage (β = 0.046, p < 0.001), and CSR Disclosure (β = 0.061, p < 0.001) significantly increase Tax Avoidance, with Financial Reporting Aggressiveness acting as a mediator. However, Thin Capitalization does not significantly influence Tax Avoidance (β = 0.028, p = 0.422). These results suggest that managers exploit these mechanisms to minimize tax burdens, often at the cost of long-term shareholder interests. The study calls for stronger corporate governance and stricter oversight of CSR reporting and financial transparency to mitigate such practices.

The study aims to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction, work engagement, and turnover intention in state-owned commercial banks in Indonesia. The study surveyed 200 female employees who had been working at the bank for at least two years. The samples were drawn from office branches of four state-owned banks across twelve different cities/regencies in seven provinces on Sulawesi Island in Indonesia. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to ensure that each indicator appropriately defined its constructs of the variables. The study applied Composite Reliability (CR) and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) to verify that the loading weights and measurement models met the SEM requirements. The findings indicate that job satisfaction positively influences work engagement. This indicates that female employees who are highly satisfied with their superiors, promotion opportunities, and financial benefits in state-owned banks, especially those who are married, older, and have children, exhibit higher levels of engagement. Additionally, the study found that job satisfaction and work engagement negatively affect turnover intention, suggesting that highly satisfied and engaged employees are more likely to remain loyal to the organization and less likely to think about looking for another job. This effect is particularly strong among middle-aged and married employees, who may feel a heightened responsibility to support their family’s economic stability.

Acknowledgments
This research represents an internal project by the Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University. The study was enriched through contributions from various stakeholders, primarily professionals employed in state-owned banks across six provinces on Sulawesi Island. Additional support was provided by faculty members and students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, who facilitated the distribution of surveys across the study areas. The authors wish to extend their profound gratitude to Farhana Sumardi, a lecturer at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University, for her invaluable efforts in compiling the literature referenced in this study.