Professional activity of women in light of the Family 500+ Program
- Author(s)
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.18
-
Article InfoVolume 17 2019, Issue #4, pp. 214-225
- 749 Views
-
83 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The article aims to assess the impact of the Family 500+ Program on women’s professional activity. The Family 500+ Program is a governmental support introduced in April 2016 and is designed to assist the families in raising children. The support is provided by monthly payment of PLN 500 for every single child in the family.
The study, primarily, attempts to assess the relationship between the level of expenditure on family benefits and the employment rate, and, on the other hand, based on the surveys, to indicate whether the Program encourages women to quit from the formal labor market. The article describes the professional activity of women, the level of social spending in Poland and some selected EU countries. Based on statistical data, an attempt was made to assess the impact of social expenditure on women’s economic activity based on the linear regression method. Based on this method, it was stressed that the amount of benefit has the impact on the economic activity of women and this relationship is highly statistically significant. Fragments of own surveys from 2017 till 2019 were also presented, which suggest that the Family 500+ Program may lead to the withdrawal of women from the labor market. Respondents most often stressed the possibility of appearing reluctance to work for careers in large families. Entrepreneurs’ responses showed the discouraging effect of the Family 500+ Program (35.1% in 2019), which may contribute to a decrease in labor supply according to 16.0% of respondents.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)G28, H53, J21
-
References43
-
Tables6
-
Figures6
-
- Figure 1. The professional activity rate of women aged 25-34 in Poland in 2013–2019
- Figure 2. Social spending in the selected countries as a percentage of GDP in 2017
- Figure 3. Scatter chart between social expenditure and the female participation rate in 2017 in the selected EU countries
- Figure 4. Scatter chart between social expenditure and the female unemployment rate in 2017 in selected EU countries
- Figure 5. Scatter chart between family benefits and the activity rate of women in Poland in 2006–2017
- Figure 6. Scatter chart between the average amount of family benefit and the activity rate of women in Poland in 2006–2016
-
- Table 1. Professional activity of women in the selected EU countries in 2017 (in %)
- Table 2. Professional activity of women in Poland in the years 1994–2017 based on LFS (in %)
- Table 3. Expenditure on family benefits in Poland in 2004–2017
- Table 4. Total support of the studied family* in individual EU countries (in EUR) in 2017
- Table 5. Structure of answers to the question about the effects of the Family 500+ Program
- Table 6. The structure of employers’ answers to the question about the effects of the Family 500+ Program
-
- Abrhám, J., Bilan, Y., Krauchenia, A., & Strielkowski, W. (2015). Planning horizon in labour supply of Belarusian small entrepreneurs. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 28(1), 773-787.
- Bargu, A., & Morgandi, M. (2018). Can Mothers Afford to Work in Poland? Labor Supply Incentives of Social Benefits and Childcare Costs (Policy Research Working Paper, No 8295). World Bank, Washington, DC.
- CBOS (2016, February). Program “Rodzina 500 plus” jako element wspierania rodzin i dzietności (pp. 5-6). Warszawa.
- CBOS (2018). Postrzeganie programu Rodzina 500 plus, prezentacja z konferencji.
- Cohen, E. (2017). Effect of Welfare and Employment Policies on the Correlation between Migration and Unemployment. Economics and Sociology, 10(1), 246-264.
- Dahlstrand, A. L., & Politis, D. (2013). Women business ventures in Swedish university incubators. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 78-96.
- Dijkstra, A. G., & Plantega, J. (2003). Ekonomia i płeć. Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
- Domański, H. (2004). Struktura społeczna (379 p.). Warszawa: Wydawnictvo Naukowe Scholar.
- Doorne-Huiskes A. van (2003). Równe szanse w Unii Europejskiej: teoria i praktyka. In A. G. Dijkstra & J. Plantega (Eds.), Ekonomia i płeć. Pozycja zawodowa kobiet w Unii Europejskiej. Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
- Druk sejmowy nr 216 (2016). Rządowy projekt ustawy o pomocy państwa w wychowaniu dzieci.
- Duberley, J., & Carrigan, M. (2013). The career identities of “mumpreneurs”: Women’s experiences of combining enterprise and motherhood. International Small Business Journal, 31(6), 629-651.
- Eurostat (2018). Employment rate of people aged 20 to 64 in the UE in 2017. No 68, April 20, 2018, p. 4.
- Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Greene, P. G., Hart, M. M., Gatewood, E. J., Brush, C. G., & Carter, N. M. (2003). Women entrepreneurs: Moving front and center: An overview of research and theory (255 p.).
- GUS (2004). Kobiety i mężczyźni na rynku pracy 2004. Warszawa.
- GUS (2016). Sytuacja kobiet i mężczyzn na rynku pracy 2015. Warszawa.
- GUS (2017). Sytuacja kobiet i mężczyzn na rynku pracy 2016. Warszawa.
- GUS (2018). Kwartalna informacja o rynku pracy w czwartym kwartale 2017 roku. Warszawa, February 23, 2018.
- GUS (2018, December). Świadczenia na rzecz rodziny w 2017 r. Warszawa.
- GUS (2019). Aktywność ekonomiczna ludności Polski I kwartał 2019 r. (pp. 69, 112). Warszawa.
- GUS (2019, May). Informacja o rynku pracy w pierwszym kwartale 2019 roku. Warszawa.
- Kopycińska, D., & Kryńska, E. (2016). The precariat in the labour market in Poland – social and economic aspects. Journal of International Studies, 9(2), 79-89.
- Lazányi, K., & Bilan, Y. (2017). Generation z on the labour market – do they trust others within their workplace? Polish Journal of Management Studies, 16(1), 78-93.
- Lechman, E. (2019). Still ’few, slow and low’? On the female dimension of technology, labour Markets and Economic Activity: Evidence for the period of 1990–2017. Economics and Sociology, 12(1), 11-38.
- Magda, I., & Brzeziński, M. (2019, May). “Rodzina 500+” – ocena programu i propozycje zmian (10 p.). Instytut Badań Strukturalnych, SGH, UW.
- Magda, I., Kiełczewska, A., & Brandt, N. (2018). The “Family 500+” child allowance and female labour supply in Poland (IBS Working Paper 01/2018).
- Ministerstwo Rodziny, Pracy i Polityki Społecznej (2017). Informacja o realizacji świadczeń rodzinnych w 2016 r. (25 p.). Warszawa.
- Ministerstwo Rodziny, Pracy i Polityki Społecznej (2019). Raport Rodzina 500+ (stan na 30 marca 2019 r.).
- Myck, M. (2016). Estimating Labour Supply Response to the Introduction of the Family 500+ Programme (CenEA Working Paper, No. 1).
- Paľová, D., & Vejačka, M. (2018). Analysis of Employment in EU According to Europe 2020 Strategy Targets. Economics and Sociology, 11(3), 96-112.
- Parsons, T. (1972). Szkice z teorii socjologicznej. PWN, Warszawa.
- Qerimi, Q., & Sergi, B. S. (2017). The nature and the scope of the global economic crisis’ impact on employment trends and policies in South East Europe. Journal of International Studies, 10(4), 143-153.
- Radzik, P. (2018). Wpływ rządowego programu “Rodzina 500+” na współczynnik aktywności zawodowej kobiet. Zeszyty Naukowe UE w Katowicach, 353, 69. Katowice.
- Raišiena, A., Bagdonienb, J., & Bilan, Y. (2014). Inter-Institutional Interaction Results: The Effect of EU Programs on the Reduction of Long-Term Unemployment. Procedia Economics and Finance, 16, 641-650.
- Reduced gap in employment rates between men and women in the EU27; 158/2008 – 13 November 2008, Eurostat.
- Reszke, I. (1991). Nierówności płci w teoriach (176 p.). IFiS PAN, Warszawa.
- Sielska, A. (2017). Dyskryminacja instytucjonalna kobiet na polskim rynku pracy (pp. 58-84). Warszawa: CeDeWu.
- Soylu, Ö. B., Çakmak, I., & Okur, F. (2018). Economic growth and unemployment issue: Panel data analysis in Eastern European Countries. Journal of International Studies, 11(1), 93-107.
- Szarffenberg, R. (2016). Przewidywane skutki społeczne 500+: ubóstwo i rynek pracy. EAPN Polska, Zgromadzenie Ogólne Polskiego Komitetu Europejskiej Sieci Przeciwdziałania Ubóstwu, Warszawa.
- Titkow, A. (2003). Szklany sufit. Bariery i ograniczenia kariery kobiet. Instytut Spraw Publicznych, Warszawa.
- Ulgi podatkowe i świadczenia rodzinne w UE – 2017. (2017). Raport PwC, November 2017, p. 28.
- United Nations (2015). The World’s Woman 2015. Trends and statistics. New York.
- US (2018). Rocznik Statystyczny Województwa Podkarpackiego 2018, Urząd Statystyczny, Rzeszów, December 2019, p. 105.
-
Impact of teleworking on job satisfaction among Slovakian employees in the era of COVID-19
Peter Karácsony
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.01
Problems and Perspectives in Management Volume 19, 2021 Issue #3 pp. 1-9 Views: 3770 Downloads: 1219 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯThe COVID-19 pandemic, which became a global crisis in 2020, has radically transformed people’s normal lives in a matter of weeks. In addition to the health consequences, the virus has had a significant impact on the society and the economy, including the labor market. The present study aims to assess how traditional working has been transformed into teleworking in Slovakia. The study examines whether Slovakian workers are satisfied with teleworking. The questionnaire survey was conducted in December 2020 during the second wave of the coronavirus in Slovakia. Based on the obtained results, a significant relationship between teleworking satisfaction and salary satisfaction, supervisory support, and job autonomy was found. Based on the obtained results, teleworking introduced due to the coronavirus had a clear positive effect on job satisfaction of the examined Slovakian employees. As a result of teleworking, the relationship between manager and subordinate has improved, and work-life balance has also developed favorably.
Acknowledgments
This study was funded by the Pallas Athéné Foundations. -
Relationship of generations X, Y, Z with new communication technologies
Adriana Grenčíková 
,
Sergej Vojtovič
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(si).2017.09
Problems and Perspectives in Management Volume 15, 2017 Issue #2 (cont. 3) pp. 557-563 Views: 2365 Downloads: 682 TO CITE АНОТАЦІЯAt present times, the impact of new technologies on job creation is going to be a serious problem in personnel management. In the human resources contents, this issue still remains in minor attention. As a result of new communication technologies development in the near future, we will be facing too many changes in working patterns and demands on staff regarding job requirements. Simultaneously with the above stated changes on labor market, a new generation of workers is emerging that grew up with the development of communication technologies, they profess different lifestyle from the one the generations have had before. Many of these generations become employers and bring new approaches to employment of people being different from traditional working patterns. Despite the facts being alleged in this study, it is difficult to estimate to what extent those changes will affect Slovak labor market. Gradual development of technologies is an ongoing process in Slovakia as well and in four years robotics is to be a key technology in most manufacturing plants mainly in automotive industry. Currently, three generations are present on labor market that may have a different approach to changes being implemented nowadays. In this study, the authors analyze the survey results on the use of communication technologies by Generations X, Y, Z, and their abilities to be prepared for changes on labor market. Survey provides interesting information about the access of different generations to communication technologies and their relationship with technical innovations.
-
Grim situation of the world due to COVID19: economic perspective
Geopolitics under Globalization Volume 3, 2019–2020 Issue #1 pp. 24-29 Views: 1450 Downloads: 165 TO CITEBesides human death economic catastrophe, which has already been started around the world due to COVID19, a question arises how to tackle the devastating nature of this pandemic. The study is basically done based on secondary sources. Time period of the study was up to April 6, 2020. The study tried to get a conceptual view for time demanding collaborative effort among the global arena so that this pandemic cannot make long-lasting devastating impact on global economy. The study also did a small opinion poll survey by email/cell phone, land phone, and personally asking by maintaining social distance among 108 respondents considering three segments of the income strata of the people in Bangladesh. Based on the respondents replies, Figure 2 was drawn, which is shown in Appendix.
