Internal and external drivers of inflation in Nigeria

  • Received July 20, 2019;
    Accepted October 20, 2019;
    Published December 27, 2019
  • Author(s)
  • DOI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(4).2019.19
  • Article Info
    Volume 14 2019, Issue #4, pp. 206-218
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This study contributes to the literature on inflation dynamics by examining whether internal or external factors drive inflationary pressure in Nigeria. Using the annual time series data from 1981 to 2017 and applying Johansen cointegration analysis, the vector error correction mechanism and the impulse response function, the study reveals some compelling evidence to suggest that external forces are responsible for inflationary pressure in Nigeria. The results, amongst others, reveal that: external drivers – exchange rate, imported inflation and openness – induce a positive and direct relation to inflation. This is because a percentage change in these variables results in an increase in inflation of 0.49%, 0.47% and 4.28%, respectively, on average, ceteris paribus; the internal drivers – government expenditures, net food exports and lending interest rate – dampen inflation by 0.48%, 1.70% and 0.02%, respectively, on average, ceteris paribus; there is evidence of cointegration indicating that 57.48% of short-run errors will be corrected in the long run; imported inflation contributes to a deviation of about 33% deviation in the first five periods and accounts for cumulative average of over 100% deviation in inflation. Policy implications are discussed.

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    • Figure 1. Combined responses of inflation to one standard deviation shocks from internal and external drivers of inflation
    • Figure 2. Individual responses of inflation to one standard deviation shocks from internal and external drivers of inflation
    • Table 1. Description of variables
    • Table 2. Summary statistics
    • Table 3. Pairwise correlation analysis
    • Table 4. Unit root tests results
    • Table 5. Johansen cointegration rank test
    • Table 6. Response of lninf to Cholesky 1 Standard Deviation Innovations