Impact of internal and external factors on the net interest margin of banks in Indonesia

This research identifies factors that explain the liquidity of commercial banks in the Vietnam banking system from 2010 to 2015. Using the OLS regression method for analysis, it was found that:

1. the interbank market helps commercial banks improve their liquidity;
2. the larger the loan size, the higher the liquidity risk;
3. good credit risk management has a positive impact on liquidity risk management; and
4. long-term interest rate is negatively related to the liquidity of commercial banks.

The research also makes recommendations on liquidity risk management policies to banks and policy-makers from the Government and the State Bank of Vietnam.

Profitability is a matter of concern for all economic organizations, including banks. The economic problem always poses for banks in maintaining growth and ensuring sustainable stability. Liquidity is always a concern of banks in maintaining profitability. The article aims to test the relationship between liquidity and profitability of Vietnamese listed banks. Data include 18 Vietnamese listed commercial banks for a period of 9 years from 2011 to 2019. The article uses the time series method with the ordinary least square. The results show that liquidity has a positive relationship with the profitability of listed banks including return on assets, return on equity, and net interest margin. As for net interest margin, the liquidity ratio of loans to deposit plus short-term borrowings and short-term bills payable has the opposite effect. To contribute to the stable and sustainable growth of the banking system, the article proposes the policies for the Vietnamese banking system by fully implementing the regulations on liquidity based on the Bank for International Settlements and should forecast the financial developments in the region and the world to have flexible responses to avoid uncertainties, as well as the need to form and maintain funds to timely support for liquidity in the entire banking system.

Shares of listed banks in Vietnam gain a lot of interest from investors and regulators. It is important to study the primary drivers of the banks’ share prices. In this context, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gold Price (GP), Ninety-day Interbank Interest Rate (R), and USD/VND Exchange Rate (FX) are selected as representatives for macroeconomic variables. A new contribution of this study is the application of interactive factors between macroeconomics and bank performance (i.e., Equity Capital (E), Deposit Аmounts (D), Loan Amounts (L), Non-performing Loans (NPLs), Leverage (LEV), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA), and Stock Beta (Beta)) in evaluating their impact on bank share prices. Applying the econometric method of Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) and the quarterly financial data of 13 listed banks from Q1/2009 to Q3/2020, the regression results show that GDP improvements can foster an increase in bank share prices, and this impact is strengthened if banks have good performance of ROA, CAR, and with strict control of NPLs. The R also has a positive impact on bank share prices, and the price level increases if NPLs, LEV, and Beta are controlled at optimal levels. However, empirical evidence drawn from the study also suggests that an increase in FX and GP is not a significant contributor to bank share prices, especially if the bank does not manage NPLs and LEV. Moreover, the impact of E, D, and L on the movements of bank share prices is not significant.