Entrepreneurship education and its impact on the entrepreneurship career intentions of vocational education students

Littering has been a subject of inquiry by environmental economists, as well as social and environmental psychologists, each using a different theoretical and analytical toolkit. While economists see littering as an externality problem or a market failure, psychologists see it as a social behavior problem. Regardless of the discipline, both theories have a common goal: What factors affect littering behavior and how can it be curtailed? This paper, therefore, adopts theory-triangulation approach to review theories concerning littering. It concisely reviews the economist’s and the psychologist’s approaches to littering and their respective solutions. The finding from this review is that the psychological approaches to litter control are narrower in coverage than the economic approaches in that the former are applicable to smaller environmental settings or areas, such as school premises, office places, factories, and market places, as opposed to such lager settings as cities, states or the country at large to which economic instruments are usually applied. Despite the plethora of research extolling the virtues of economic approaches to litter control, their real-world application has not caught on. One of the factors responsible for this is the implementation costs and difficulty involved. The economic instruments are costlier than the psychological instruments, because the former cover a larger setting and entail a lot of bureaucracies. To better understand littering and find appropriate solutions to it, studies on littering should consider looking at littering holistically from this interdisciplinary perspective. Both the economist’s and the psychologist’s approaches to litter control should be synthesized for sustainable waste management. However, policymakers need to consider the available financial resources and the multifarious views of litter in policies relating to litter. An option for policymakers is to minimize those costs associated with implementing economic instruments.

This study aims to identify the determining factors of digital entrepreneurial intention among university graduate students in Bangladesh. The study considered university students as a study sample (n = 358) who were either in their final year of bachelor’s program or in the master’s program from three private universities located in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. This study was quantitative in nature, and a survey questionnaire was used based on the previous studies. There were three parts: a questionnaire, demographic information analysis, and a Likert-based measurement of study variables. A Cronbach (α) coefficient value of 0.70 or above was regarded to examine the reliability of the constructs. A factor loading value of 0.50 or above was considered to measure the research validity of all constructs’ items. Regression analysis was run to test the hypotheses. A Google form-based online survey questionnaire was used to collect the data, followed by a non-probability sampling method. After scrutiny, incomplete responses were discarded, and finally, 358 responses were deemed usable. The paper used SPSS version 26.0 to perform relevant statistical analyses. The results show that digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy, digital literacy, entrepreneurship education, innovativeness, and creativity positively and significantly impact university students becoming digital entrepreneurs. Regression result shows that students’ innovativeness and entrepreneurship education have more impact on their digital entrepreneurial intentions, implying that policymakers and universities should design their academic policy to promote innovative and entrepreneurship activities in the academic pedagogy.

This study aims to build a framework for the variables affecting interest in sharia e-commerce, such as attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and religiosity. Using a convenience sampling method, this analysis involved 212 young people, who represent the most significant proportion of e-commerce clients. The survey measurements and hypotheses testing used the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The results of the study show that attitude (ß = 0.261, p = 0.000), subjective norm (ß = 0.264, p = 0.000), perceived usefulness (ß = 0.241, p = 0.013), and perceived ease of use (ß = 0.185, p = 0.032) have a positive relationship with intention to use sharia e-commerce for youths. In addition, perceived ease of use (ß = 0.759, p = 0.000) also significantly affects perceived usefulness as a moderator to intention. In comparison, perceived behavior control (ß = –0.042, p = 0.505) was an insignificant factor in using sharia e-commerce. This study also shows that religiosity (ß = 0.648, p = 0.000) is essential in a person’s attitude toward intending to use sharia e-commerce. The insignificant relationship between perceived behavior control and intention to use sharia e-commerce is believed to be because both conventional and sharia e-commerce are easily operated. Thus, youth people have not noticed many differences in using sharia e-commerce.