Muhammad Try Dharsana

Implementing eco-control is a strategic way for companies to prevent environmental damage. This paper aims to analyze the effect of perceived environmental uncertainty and stakeholder pressure on system implementation through environmentally oriented organizational culture as a mediating variable. This study utilizes the PLS-SEM model using a sample of 104 manufacturing companies in Indonesia; 197 respondents from those companies completed the survey. All variables used in the research model are significant for a formative measurement model, and an internal model applied met all criteria. This study confirms a negative relationship between perceptions of environmental uncertainty and environmentally oriented organizational culture (β = 0.174, p < 0.01). The opposite effect is shown by the relationship between stakeholder pressure and organizational culture (β = 0.379, p < 0.01), and the positive effect of organizational culture on the implementation of eco-control in companies is significant (β = 0.650, p < 0.01). In addition, organizational culture partially mediates the relationship between perceptions of environmental uncertainty and the implementation of the eco-control system (β = 0.317, p < 0.05) and between stakeholder pressure and the implementation of this system (β = 0.401, p < 0.05). When companies through managers face uncertainty from the ecological environment and stakeholder pressure, they should utilize an eco-control system, which can succeed in profit goals and environmental responsibility.

Tax avoidance, often driven by managerial discretion, remains a critical issue in corporate governance due to its implications for financial transparency and regulatory compliance. This study investigates how Transfer Pricing, Thin Capitalization, Leverage, and CSR Disclosure – strategies employed by managers – affect Tax Avoidance and examines the mediating role of Financial Reporting Aggressiveness. Grounded in agency theory, the study analyzes data from 20 firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023 using PLS-SEM. The findings reveal that Transfer Pricing (β = 0.062, p = 0.002), Leverage (β = 0.046, p < 0.001), and CSR Disclosure (β = 0.061, p < 0.001) significantly increase Tax Avoidance, with Financial Reporting Aggressiveness acting as a mediator. However, Thin Capitalization does not significantly influence Tax Avoidance (β = 0.028, p = 0.422). These results suggest that managers exploit these mechanisms to minimize tax burdens, often at the cost of long-term shareholder interests. The study calls for stronger corporate governance and stricter oversight of CSR reporting and financial transparency to mitigate such practices.