Ahmad Nurkhin

This research aims to examine the correlation between the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) and corporate governance in terms of the performance of Islamic banks’ Profit-and-Loss Sharing (PLS) ratio, zakah performance and non-halal income ratio, and to analyze the relationship between risk and income for both PLS and murabahah financing and the PLS financing ratio. Non-halal income is a bank’s income that is not in accordance with Sharia law. The object of this research was a sample of eleven commercial Islamic banks in Indonesia. The data are collected from each bank’s annual report and corporate governance statement, for 2009–2016. This study uses the multiple regression analysis method. The results show that:

1. The size and educational background of the SSB has a significant and positive effect on the zakah performance (Islamic tax), and has a negative effect on the ratio of non-halal income. The size and educational background of the SSB has no impact on the PLS financing ratio.
2. Corporate governance has a significant and positive influence on the PLS financing ratio and zakah performance but has no influence on the non-halal income ratio.
3. The mudharaba risk and PLS revenue have a positive impact on the PLS financing ratio.
4. PLS financing risk and murabahah income have a negative impact on PLS financing ratio.

This paper aims to examine the determinants of Islamic Governance Disclosure (IGD) in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The research method used is a quantitative approach involving Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, where their annual reports can be accessed during the 2011–2018 observation period. The data collection methods used are analysis of documentation and content analysis. Content analysis was used to calculate the IGD index. Path analysis with WarpPLS software was used to analyze data. The results show that the number of members of the Sharia supervisory board had a negative and significant effect on IGD, while leverage, size, and age can influence the IGD positively and significantly. In addition, institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on IGD. Profitability and composition of the independent board of commissioners do not significantly affect the IGD.

This paper analyzes the effect of profitability and size of Indonesian Islamic banks on the level of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) disclosure. This study also investigates the role played by the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) in the effect of profitability and size of an Islamic bank on ISR disclosure. The presence of SSB is very important in the operations of Islamic banks. SSB should be involved in important company decisions, including the ISR disclosure. The study covers all 14 Indonesian Islamic commercial banks as a population; the analysis will be conducted based on annual reports of the banks’ divisions for the period 2014–2018. A documentation technique was used to collect the data. Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) was used for data analysis. The results show that the adjusted R-squared coefficient of the equation is 0.341. R-squared contributions of ROA, ROE, size, and SSB are –0.093, 0.010, 0.983, and –0.081. Other results show that profitability (ROA) and size (total assets) significantly affect the level of ISR disclosure among Indonesian Islamic banks. However, the results were indifferent regarding the role of SSB. There is no significant effect of SSB on ISR disclosure. SSB was important for moderating the relationship between profitability (ROA and ROE) and bank size and ISR disclosure level. SSB’s involvement in the decision making of Islamic banks will have a positive effect on the activities of Islamic banks. Islamic banks will tend to have a high level of ISR. Further researchers can develop SSB measurements for more accurate results.

The purpose of this paper is to substantiate the determinants of Indonesian banking profitability before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and net interest margin (NIM) were used to measure banking profitability. The research population is 43 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020. Purposive sampling has been used to determine the research sample. The criteria are banks issued annual reports during the observation period (2019–2020). The data collection method used is documentation. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis methods and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that banks experienced a decrease in profitability during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. ROA before the pandemic was 0.82 and dropped to 0.62 during the pandemic; ROE from 1.76 to 1.32; and NIM became 4.79 from 4.91. Other results show that only Capital Adequacy Ratio CAR and Non-performing Loans (NPL) can determine bank profitability (ROA and ROE) significantly, both before and during the pandemic (the coefficient is –0.112 and –4.856 for CAR; –0.977 and –0.913 for NPL). CAR and NPL influence profitability negatively. Meanwhile, size and liquidity are not able to significantly influence profitability of Indonesian banking (ROA, ROE, and NIM). Bank management that can control NPL well will have a significant impact on profitability.

Acknowledgment
We thank to Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Diponegoro for the funding of research and publication.

Indonesia is one of the world’s biggest halal food product and service consumers. The halal industry will continue to expand as the Muslim community’s needs grow. Therefore, application development for online halal food providers through the Go Food and Shopee Food platforms is in high demand. This paper aims to analyze the determinants of Go Food and Shopee Food users’ halal food purchase decisions. The theory of planned behavior (TPB), the theory of consumer behavior, and the unified theory of acceptance and utilization of technology (UTAUT2) were used. The research sample consists of Go Food and Shopee Food users chosen randomly from a pool of 104 respondents. The data were collected using a questionnaire developed from previous studies and the theories applied (TPB and UTAUT2). Respondents received questionnaires online via Google Forms. Path analysis was used in this study. The findings show that TPB constructs can adequately explain halal food purchase behavior. The attitude toward the purchase of halal food and subjective norms affect the user’s intentions to purchase halal food. The coefficients are 0.291 and 0.379, with a p-value < 0.001. The user’s intention determines the positive decision to purchase halal food with a coefficient of 0.843 and a p-value < 0.001. Halal awareness is a powerful predictor with a coefficient of 0.206 and a p-value of 0.014. However, perceived behavioral control, halal literacy, religious commitment, financial literacy, and UTAUT2 constructs (price value, hedonic motivation, and habit) were not found to determine the intention to purchase halal food.

Islamic banking has existed in Indonesia since 1992. The performance of Islamic banking is interesting for further analysis. This study aims to analyze the impact of good corporate governance (GCG) implementation and bank characteristics on the performance of Islamic banking in Indonesia before the COVID-19 pandemic. Profitability is a measure of banking performance and is proxied by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The research sample consists of Islamic commercial banks that published financial and annual reports between 2011 and 2019. The data collection method used is documentation. Multiple regression analysis was used for data analysis. The results indicate that the implementation of GCG has no significant impact on performance (probability values of 0.425 and 0.420 on ROA and ROE with coefficients of 0.016 and 0.019). The P-value of the non-performing loans (NPF) variable is < 0.001 on ROA and ROE, which means that NPF has a significant negative impact on ROA and ROE. Third-party funds only have a significant impact on ROE with a p-value of 0.046. Meanwhile, the size of a bank has not been shown to have a significant impact on the performance of Islamic banking in Indonesia. Efforts to maintain NPF are critical for banks to achieve good performance (profitability). NPF demonstrates the risk of nonpayment of Islamic bank financing.

Acknowledgment
We gratefully acknowledge the research funding provided by LPPM Universitas Negeri Semarang (contract number: 19.8.3/UN37/PPK.3.1/2022).

The disclosure of risk by Islamic banks is very important, as this openness of information is emphasized in Islamic teachings. The purpose of this article is to provide empirical evidence regarding the influence of the number of members of the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) and their cross membership, the debt and the Syirkah fund ratio (investment accounts), the composition of the board of commissioners, the number of audit committee members, and the amount of assets on risk disclosure by Indonesian Islamic banks.
The study uses content analysis techniques to measure risk disclosure by Islamic banks. The analysis uses panel data regression with observations for the period of 2010–2017. Based on the Fixed Effect Model, the study found out that the number of SSB members, the cross memberships of SSB, the ratio of independent commissioners to the number of audit committees do not influence risk disclosure. The leverage to investment account ratio does not influence risk disclosure. Also, the results of this study demonstrate that only the amount of assets influences risk disclosure.

This paper examines how good corporate governance (GCG) affects Indonesian banks’ non-performing loans (NPLs) and its relevance to the current banking sector situation in Indonesia. The research findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the effect of bank-specific factors on NPLs, offering timely and important insights for the banking industry. This quantitative study focuses on commercial banks listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2021. The observation period spans four years (2018–2021), utilizing 216-unit panel data from 54 banks for analysis. Documentation was used for data collection, and panel data multiple regression analysis was employed as the data analysis technique. The findings indicate that increased board of directors’ meetings are associated with higher NPLs, while having independent board commissioners correlates with lower NPLs. The p-value of the board of director meetings is 0.027, and the coefficient is 0.005037. The p-value of the board of independent board commissioners is 0.017, and the coefficient is –0.00109. Effective GCG implementation is crucial in maintaining credit quality and reducing NPL levels. The p-value of the GCG score is 0.043, and the coefficient is –0.42985. However, the frequency of Board of Commissioners’ meetings does not significantly affect NPLs. The study also shows that the Loan Deposit Ratio (LDR) and bank size negatively and significantly impact NPLs. In contrast, Return on Equity (ROE) and leverage do not significantly affect NPL levels in Indonesian banks. This study provides empirical evidence that underscores the importance of robust GCG, especially during the challenging business conditions triggered by the pandemic.

Acknowledgments
This study received funding from LPPM UNNES, contract number 12.12.4/UN37/PPK.10/2023.