A study of brand fidelity: Its contribution and impact on the Saudi market
-
DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(4).2021.02
-
Article InfoVolume 17 2021, Issue #4, pp. 13-25
- Cited by
- 737 Views
-
172 Downloads
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The paradigm shift caused by disruption of traditional business models and innovation is among some factors which have propelled marketers forward-thinking in emphasizing brand fidelity. It is a novel idea and an innovative approach to understanding the impact of consumers while they demonstrate love and commitment through engagement, subconsciously or otherwise, with respect to cognition and behavior. The current study tested the components/factors of brand fidelity among Saudi consumers. The primary data for the study were collected based on the survey instrument among Saudi consumers. Overall, 446 responses were used to analyze the results. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) coupled with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using IBM SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze the data. All the factors of brand fidelity, namely “accommodation/price”, “accommodation/performance”, “cognitive interdependence”, and “derogation of alternatives”, hold valid in the Saudi context with exploratory factor analysis with a factor loading of each factor above the threshold value of 0.50, and with confirmatory factor analysis with a threshold value of more than or equal to 0.60 for all the factor loadings. The result thus obtained suggests that the brand fidelity scale is valid in the Saudi context. Saudi consumers were found to be highly loyal to their favorite brands. The findings of the study will provide inputs to the companies operating in the Saudi market for their brand-related strategy formulation. Moreover, the paper indicates undermining the power of brand fidelity in improving the bottom line through experience management.
Acknowledgment
This paper was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia, under the Specialized Research Grant program with Grant No. 2020/02/17342.
- Keywords
-
JEL Classification (Paper profile tab)M31, M37, O32, 039
-
References42
-
Tables5
-
Figures1
-
- Figure 1. Structural equation model (SEM)
-
- Table 1. Demographic profiles and data characteristics
- Table 2. Descriptive statistics
- Table 3. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)
- Table 4. Model fit indices
- Table 5. Reliability and validity of the model
-
- Agnew, C. R., Van Lange, P. A., Rusbult, C. E., & Langston, C. A. (1998). Cognitive interdependence: Commitment and the mental representation of close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(4), 939-954.
- Ahn, J., & Back, K.-J. (2018). Influence of brand relationship on customer attitude toward integrated resort brands: A cognitive, affective, and conative perspective. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(4), 449-460.
- Ali, I., & Naushad, M. (2021). Determinants of customer satisfaction in online grocery shopping. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 5(3), 383-390.
- Anwar, A., & Jalees, T. (2020). Brand Orientation and WOM: Mediating Roles of Brand Love. Journal of Management Sciences, 7(1), 14-30.
- Back, K.-J., & Parks, S. C. (2003). A brand loyalty model involving cognitive, affective, and conative brand loyalty and customer satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 27(4), 419-435.
- Bagozzi, R. P., Batra, R., & Ahuvia, A. (2017). Brand love: Development and validation of a practical scale. Marketing Letters, 28(1), 1-14.
- Batra, R., Ahuvia, A., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2012). Brand love. Journal of Marketing, 76(2), 1-16.
- Bloemer, J. M., & Lemmink, J. G. (1992). The importance of customer satisfaction in explaining brand and dealer loyalty. Journal of Marketing Management, 8(4), 351-363.
- Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming (multivariate applications series). Routledge.
- Carroll, B. A., & Ahuvia, A. C. (2006). Some antecedents and outcomes of brand love. Marketing Letters, 17(2), 79-89.
- Das, G., Agarwal, J., Malhotra, N. K., & Varshneya, G. (2019). Does brand experience translate into brand commitment?: A mediated-moderation model of brand passion and perceived brand ethicality. Journal of Business Research, 95, 479-490.
- Ford, J. K., MacCallum, R. C., & Tait, M. (1986). The application of exploratory factor analysis in applied psychology: A critical review and analysis. Personnel Psychology, 39(2), 291-314.
- Fournier, S., & Yao, J. L. (1997). Reviving brand loyalty: A reconceptualization within the framework of consumer-brand relationships. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14(5), 451-472.
- Gaskin, J., & Lim, J. (2016). Model fit measures. Gaskination’s StatWiki, 1-55.
- Grace, D., Ross, M., & King, C. (2018). Brand fidelity: A relationship maintenance perspective. Journal of Brand Management, 25(6), 577-590.
- Grace, D., Ross, M., & King, C. (2020). Brand fidelity: Scale development and validation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52, 101908.
- Hinkin, T. R. (1995). A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations. Journal of Management, 21(5), 967-988.
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
- Junaid, M., Hou, F., Hussain, K., & Kirmani, A. A. (2019). Brand love: The emotional bridge between experience and engagement, generation-M perspective. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 28(2), 200-215.
- Kaufmann, H. R., Loureiro, S. M. C., & Manarioti, A. (2016). Exploring behavioural branding, brand love and brand co-creation. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 25(6), 516-526.
- Langner, T., Bruns, D., Fischer, A., & Rossiter, J. R. (2016). Falling in love with brands: A dynamic analysis of the trajectories of brand love. Marketing Letters, 27(1), 15-26.
- MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130-149.
- Marsh, H. W., & Balla, J. (1994). Goodness of fit in confirmatory factor analysis: The effects of sample size and model parsimony. Quality and Quantity, 28(2), 185-217.
- Matear, M. (2014). The role and nature of willingness to sacrifice in marketing relationships (Thesis). Queen’s University, Canada.
- Mathews, J. (2019). A Configurational Model of Brand Loyalty. IUP Journal of Brand Management, 16(4), 7-28.
- Muniz, A. M., & O’Guinn, T. C. (2001). Brand community. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(4), 412-432.
- Murray, S. L., & Holmes, J. G. (1997). A leap of faith? Positive illusions in romantic relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(6), 586-604.
- Palazon, M., Delgado-Ballester, E., & Sicilia, M. (2019). Fostering brand love in Facebook brand pages. Online Information Review, 43(5), 710-727.
- Pool, A. K., Pool, M. K., & Manjiri, H. (2018). Effect of brand community commitment on loyalty and brand outcomes in Iranian Samsung mobile users. The International Journal of Behavioral Science, 13(1), 56-67.
- Rahman, R., Langner, T., & Temme, D. (2021). Brand love: Conceptual and empirical investigation of a holistic causal model. Journal of Brand Management, 1-34.
- Reimann, M., Castaño, R., Zaichkowsky, J., & Bechara, A. (2012). How we relate to brands: Psychological and neurophysiological insights into consumer–brand relationships. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(1), 128-142.
- Rusbult, C. E., Olsen, N., Davis, J. L., & Hannon, P. A. (2001). Commitment and relationship maintenance mechanisms. In J. H. Harvey & A. Wenzel (Eds.), Close Romantic Relationships: Maintenance and Enhancement (pp. 87-113). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Santander. (2021). Tools and resources to help your company expand globally.
- Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., & King, J. (2006). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323-338.
- Sharp, B., & Sharp, A. (1997). Loyalty programs and their impact on repeat-purchase loyalty patterns. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14(5), 473-486.
- Shin, M., & Back, K.-J. (2020). Effect of cognitive engagement on the development of brand love in a hotel context. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 44(2), 328-350.
- Smit, E., Bronner, F., & Tolboom, M. (2007). Brand relationship quality and its value for personal contact. Journal of Business Research, 60(6), 627-633.
- Smith, T. D., & McMillan, B. F. (2001). A Primer of Model Fit Indices in Structural Equation Modeling. Annual Meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association. New Orleans, LA.
- Suh, J.-C., & Youjae, Y. (2006). When brand attitudes affect the customer satisfaction-loyalty relation: The moderating role of product involvement. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16(2), 145-155.
- Tu, Y.-T., & Chih, H.-C. (2013). An empirical study of corporate brand image, customer perceived value and satisfaction on loyalty in shoe industry. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 5(7), 469-483.
- Tucker, O. (2020). Conceptualising “Willingness to Sacrifice” for Luxury Brand Acquisition.
- Weston, R., & Gore Jr, P. A. (2006). A brief guide to structural equation modeling. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(5), 719-751.