Environmental, social, and governance activities, managerial efficiency, and firm performance: Evidence from Asian economies

The paper deals with the analysis of methodology of Environmental Performance Index. The authors analyzed and systematized the main existing integrated indices, which were used for evaluation of environmental, social and economic situation in the countries. The authors allocated the environmental performance index as a basis for analyzing the environmental policy of the country. In this direction, the authors analysed the main features, structure and indicators of environmental performance index. The authors allocated the world-leader countries with huge level of CO2 emissions. According to the results, the authors aproved that these countries should improve their environmental policy. Accordingly, they occupied less position in environmental performance index. For the purpose to analyze the relation between ecological, social and economic welfare, the authors analyzed score of sustainable development goal index, social progress index and gross domestic product per capita. The comparison analysis of findings showed that countries with good position on environmental performance index have the strong position on sustainable development goal index and social progress index. The authors suggested that Ukraine should orient to the EU countries with purpose to improve the environmental policy.

This study examines the influence of green intellectual capital, green accounting, and green innovation on firm value and return on assets. Green intellectual capital refers to the knowledge and expertise of environmental sustainability, green accounting involves incorporating environmental costs into financial reporting, and green innovation focuses on developing environmentally friendly technologies and processes. Indicators for evaluating these factors include the Green Intellectual Capital Index, Global Reporting Index disclosures for green accounting, and green process and product innovation dimensions for green innovation. The study employs Warp PLS to analyze data from 88 companies listed on the Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRI-KEHATI) index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The findings indicate that green accounting significantly enhances firm value, while green innovation does not show a direct impact. However, all three factors positively influence return on asset (ROA). The moderating role of ROA was found to strengthen the relationship between green intellectual capital and green accounting with firm value, but it did not moderate the effect of green innovation. ROA was used as an indirect financial indicator to formulate the company’s profitability and strategic sustainability planning. These results highlight the importance of embedding sustainability into business strategies to enhance financial and environmental performance.

Over the years, the number of organizations investing in CSR activities has increased considerably. This increase is partially attributable to the intention of the organizations to give back to the society to repair and reduce the loss their intentional or unintentional actions might have caused to the environment. The government’s decision to make it mandatory for businesses to invest a small part of their net profit in social welfare activities has also helped nudge the organizations towards CSR activities. However, the question whether this investment influences customers’ intention to purchase the product in any manner remains an unresolved paradox. Limited researches have been conducted in this area to explore and establish the relationship if any between CSR and consumer purchase intention. This research focuses on the five different factors of CSR comprising of loyalty, morality, awareness, behavior and environment, which are identified from the previous literature. With the help of these factors, the authors researched and established the relationship between them and consumer purchase intention. In this descriptive research, the research questionnaire was distributed to 1500 respondents, using convenient sampling method, out of which 319 responses were finally obtained for the analysis purpose. After testing the reliability and validity of the data, the five hypotheses were tested using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). It was found that all the five hypotheses were supported and thereby acknowledged the significant influence of CSR related activities performed by companies on the consumer purchase intention. The CSR driven morality is emerging to be the most important dimension that appears to influence the consumer purchase intentions. These finding will help decision-makers to formulate their promotion activities in such a manner that it aligns with the value system of the consumers and increase the overall consumer base.