Iuliia Myroshnychenko

This study aims to examine how different types of pro-environmental video content (featuring humans versus AI-generated characters) influence household waste sorting attitudes and behaviors among Ukrainian residents. The research was conducted in two stages using a mixed-method approach. In the first stage, 102 individuals aged 18–45 watched two videos on waste sorting and completed an online questionnaire. Cluster and variance analyses were performed using Statistica software. In the second stage, 35 participants underwent a laboratory-based emotion analysis using iMotions software, heart rate monitors, and galvanic skin response sensors at the Behavioral Lab of Sumy State University (Ukraine) from May to July 2024. The results revealed that videos featuring real people were more effective in generating interest (average rating: 3.5 vs. 3.2) and emotional engagement, particularly joy and contempt, which were the most frequently expressed emotions. Cluster analysis identified four distinct respondent groups. Cluster 1 (39.2%) – primarily young women – responded positively to human-led videos but showed limited behavioral change. Cluster 2 (19.6%) – women aged 26–35 – reacted positively to both videos and were most willing to adopt waste sorting behavior. Cluster 3 (23.5%) – primarily men – showed moderate engagement and sorted waste occasionally. Cluster 4 (17.6%) – highly educated women – exhibited the least positive responses and were least likely to change their behavior. The emotion analysis confirmed that videos featuring real people elicited stronger emotional responses across all categories, whereas AI-generated videos prompted higher levels of anger but generally weaker engagement.

Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the Behavioral Laboratory at Sumy State University for providing the essential facilities and resources that enabled the successful completion of this research. Additionally, sincere appreciation is extended to all study participants for their valuable time, commitment, and contributions, which significantly enriched our understanding of consumer behavior related to waste management and the perception of advertising content.
The research is supported by the International Visegrad Fund: Visegrad Fellowship Program. Project № 62410031, “Marketing research consumer behaviour in the waste management system”, and by the budget of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (research topic 0123U100112 “Post-war recovery of the energy industry of Ukraine: Optimization of waste management taking into account the health of the population, environmental, investment, tax determinants”.

As the global community intensifies efforts to transition toward sustainable energy systems, the role of institutional and fiscal arrangements in fostering renewable energy has gained increasing attention. This study aims to assess whether fiscal decentralization contributes to the expansion of renewable electricity generation in OECD countries by analyzing panel data and identifying the direction and significance of this relationship. Utilizing a panel dataset of 34 countries spanning 2000–2023, the analysis employs a fixed-effects regression model with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. It includes a one-year lag of fiscal variables to ensure robustness. The findings reveal a statistically significant but modest negative relationship between the share of subnational revenues in GDP and the share of renewables in electricity generation, suggesting that greater fiscal decentralization may not automatically incentivize renewable energy adoption. More specifically, the fixed-effects model corrected for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation indicates that the coefficient for lagged subnational revenue (as a percentage of GDP) is negative and marginally significant (p ≈ 0.057), hinting at a potential delayed inhibitory effect. Additionally, country-level fixed effects demonstrate substantial heterogeneity, with nations like Iceland, Norway, and Canada showing systematically higher renewable electricity shares, regardless of fiscal structure. These results underscore the importance of complementary institutional frameworks and national coordination mechanisms to ensure that decentralization effectively supports climate policy goals.

Acknowledgment
This study was carried out within the framework of a research grant awarded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. IZURZ1_224119/1) and funded by the European Union grant “NextGenerationEU through the Recovery and Resilience Plan for Slovakia” (No. 09I03-03-V01-00130) and project VEGA – 1/0392/23 “Changes in the approach to the creation of companies’ distribution management concepts influenced by the effects of social and economic crises caused by the global pandemic and increased security risks”.

Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
Decentralization and renewable energy have gained significant global attention due to their potential to enhance energy security, promote sustainability, and democratize energy access. This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends, key contributors, and thematic developments in the field of the decentralization of energy sources and their renewability. The research methodology involves a bibliometric analysis based on data extracted from the Scopus database, covering publications from 1973 to 2025. The analysis reveals exponential growth in research output, particularly after 2014, with over 3,700 publications recorded in 2023 alone. Citation trends indicate that foundational studies on decentralized microgrids and distributed energy systems remain highly influential, while recent works on blockchain-based energy trading and AI-driven energy management are gaining prominence. The study identifies China (11.7% of total publications), the United States (6.5%), and India (5.7%) as the leading contributors, with significant research activity also observed in European countries. Additionally, journals such as Applied Energy, Renewable Energy, and Energies serve as the primary publication platforms in this domain. Thematic analysis highlights a shift from bioenergy and land-use studies toward smart grids, energy storage, artificial intelligence, and decentralized finance for energy markets. Furthermore, co-authorship and international collaboration have increased significantly, with 25% of papers involving multi-country research efforts. Keyword analysis indicates growing research interest in emerging topics such as hydrogen energy, demand-side management, and digitalization in decentralized energy systems. These findings underscore the increasing interdisciplinary nature of decentralized energy research, integrating technological, economic, and policy dimensions.

Acknowledgment
This study was prepared as part of the project IZURZ1_224119/1 (Swiss National Science Foundation).

Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
As governments worldwide intensify efforts to achieve decarbonization, the role of fiscal and public policy instruments in shaping energy transitions has gained critical importance. This study evaluates how budgetary measures, taxation schemes, subsidies, and regulatory standards influence renewable electricity outcomes, thereby linking climate policy design with broader public and municipal finance issues. The analysis relies on panel data from 48 OECD, OECD negotiating members, and OECD participating partner-countries between 2009 and 2022, estimated with fixed and random effects models in R Studio and tested for robustness using Driscoll-Kraay and cluster-robust standard errors. The findings indicate that, compared with other instruments, feed-in tariffs (β = 0.116, p < 0.001), planning for renewables expansion (β = 0.070, p < 0.01), and air emission standards (β = 0.170, p < 0.001) provide the strongest and most consistent support for renewable electricity development. Renewable energy certificates and auctions also contribute positively, though with weaker statistical significance, while fossil fuel excise taxes and coal bans display mixed or context-dependent effects. The adjusted R² of 0.38 for renewable electricity generation and 0.44 for renewable electricity supply demonstrates the explanatory relevance of the selected policy variables. Robustness checks further confirm the enduring importance of feed-in tariffs as a cornerstone of fiscal support for renewables. Finally, cross-country heterogeneity is evident, with strong positive random effects in Bulgaria (0.86), Slovenia (0.73), and Czechia (0.81), and pronounced negative effects in Saudi Arabia (–1.23), Costa Rica (–1.22), and Chile (–0.95).

Acknowledgment
This study was prepared as part of the project 101127491-EnergyS4UA-ERASMUS-JMO2023-HEI-TCH-RSCH and as part of the project “From Dependency to Resilience: Renewable Energy Transformation in Post-Soviet States – A Multi-Level Analysis of Key Drivers of Success” within the Philipp Schwartz Initiative, funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. However, views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or European Education and Culture Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. The authors are thankful to the Silesian University of Technology and the National Scholarship Programme of the Slovak Republic for their support in carrying out this research.

Type of the article: Research Article

Abstract
Decarbonization has become a challenge for European manufacturing, particularly after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, amid rising energy costs and tensions between environmental transition and industrial competitiveness. This study assesses whether market-based climate-policy stringency is non-linearly associated with European machinery production, whether this relationship differed during 2022–2023, and whether it varies with electricity-market stress and 2020–2021 baseline energy-use characteristics. The analysis uses a 2017–2023 panel of 24 European countries; the principal C28 models cover 20 countries and 140 observations. Two-way fixed-effects models combine quadratic specifications, post-2022 interactions, electricity-price moderation, baseline energy-use moderators, and wild-cluster bootstrap inference. The contemporaneous C28 industrial-production specification shows statistically significant concavity: the quadratic MBI coefficient is −0.019 (bootstrap p = 0.047), with a model-implied turning point of approximately 4.7. The upper-bound marginal effect is −0.0984 (p < 0.001), whereas the positive lower-bound effect of 0.0768 is not statistically significant (p = 0.120). This pattern is not reproduced when MBI is lagged or when real C28 GVA levels or growth are used as alternative outcomes. Neither the post-2022 interactions (F = 0.611, p = 0.553) nor the electricity-price interactions (F = 2.193, p = 0.139) are jointly significant. The natural-gas triple interaction is positive but statistically inconclusive under wild-cluster bootstrap inference (β = 0.242, p = 0.057), while the alternative energy-use moderators are insignificant. The findings support contemporaneous concavity in short-run C28 industrial production and an adverse association at high MBI levels, but not a general non-linear relationship across broader measures of machinery-sector performance.

Acknowledgment
Tetiana Vasylieva contributed to this article within the framework of the MSCA4Ukraine project 06030419, which is funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union, the European Research Executive Agency, or the MSCA4Ukraine Consortium. Neither the European Union, the European Research Executive Agency, nor the MSCA4Ukraine Consortium, nor any individual member institution of the MSCA4Ukraine Consortium can be held responsible for them.